A Double Burden: Evaluating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in People Living with HIV Attending an ART Clinic in Addis Ababa

Bereket Abraha Molla¹, Dawit Kebede Hulka², Amsalu Bekele Binegdie², Zekarias Seifu Ayalew¹, Gebeyehu Tessema Azibte^1, , Tseganesh Mokonnen Hailemariam³, Mahader Nigussie Wosene³, Meron Y. Berhane³, Mahlet A. Mechesa³, Selome Berhanu³ and Genet Hagos Woldemichael³

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, College of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

²Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, College of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

³General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, College of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cite this paper:
Bereket Abraha Molla, Dawit Kebede Hulka, Amsalu Bekele Binegdie, Zekarias Seifu Ayalew, Gebeyehu Tessema Azibte, Tseganesh Mokonnen Hailemariam, Mahader Nigussie Wosene, Meron Y. Berhane, Mahlet A. Mechesa, Selome Berhanu and Genet Hagos Woldemichael. A Double Burden: Evaluating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in People Living with HIV Attending an ART Clinic in Addis Ababa. American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. 2024; 12(3):44-51. doi: 10.12691/ajidm-12-3-1

Abstract

Background: While HIV patients live longer, they can develop non-HIV-related health issues. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a concern, but data on COPD in HIV patients in Ethiopia is limited. Objective: This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with COPD among people living with HIV(PLWH) attending the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Participants underwent screening for COPD using a structured questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic, clinical, and HIV/AIDS-related information. Postbronchodilator spirometry was performed with COPD defined per the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria (FEV1/FVC) ratio < 0.7. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26, and factors related to COPD were explored using logistic regression models. Results: Most participants were female (69%) and urban residents (99%). While smoking prevalence was low (9.9%), 66.7% reported exposure to biomass fuel. Chronic respiratory symptoms were common (dyspnea: 39.9%, chronic cough: 22.5%, phlegm: 14.1%, wheezing: 4.2%). COPD prevalence was 4.7% (10/213). Self-reported chronic cough (AOR=4.4, p=0.045) and smoking history (AOR=8.5, p=0.031) were associated with COPD. Conclusion: This study found a high burden of respiratory symptoms but a low prevalence of COPD in PLWH on ART. Chronic cough and smoking were associated with COPD in PLWH.

Keywords:
HIV COPD spirometry Smoking

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