Serum Levels of Circulating Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Nitrites in Patients with Prehypertension

Alberto F. Rubio-Guerra^{1, 2,} , Hilda Vargas-Robles³, German Vargas Ayala^{1, 2}, Leticia Rodriguez-Lopez^{1, 2}, Montserrat B. Duran-Salgado^{1, 2} and Bruno A. Escalante-Acosta⁴

¹Hospital General de Ticomán, México DF

²Mexican Group for Basic and Clinical Research in Internal Medicine

³Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México DF

⁴Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Monterrey NL. México

Cite this paper:
Alberto F. Rubio-Guerra, Hilda Vargas-Robles, German Vargas Ayala, Leticia Rodriguez-Lopez, Montserrat B. Duran-Salgado and Bruno A. Escalante-Acosta. Serum Levels of Circulating Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Nitrites in Patients with Prehypertension. American Journal of Hypertension Research. 2013; 1(1):23-25. doi: 10.12691/ajhr-1-1-5

Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with vascular inflammation, reduced serum levels of nitric oxide, vasoconstriction and atherosclerosis.Soluble adhesion molecules (SAM) are considered markers of endothelial dysfunction and play a role in end organ damage in those patients. Prehypertensive patients suffer endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of circulating soluble adhesion molecules and nitric oxide (evaluated as serum levels of nitrites) in prehypertensive non-diabetic patients. METHODS: Circulating levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and e-selectine (ELISA RyDSystems Minneapolis USA), and serum nitrite levels (Griess method, Molecular Probes Inc. Oregon USA) were measured in 20 prehypertensive non-diabetic patients (as defined by JNC 7) and in 20 age matched normotensive controls. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA. RESULTS: Prehypertensive patients showed significantly higher levels of SAM, (VCAM-1; 530 ± 30.9 vs. 477 ± 22.5 ng/ml p<0.001), (ICAM-1; 285 ± 16.5 vs. 239 ± 14.9 ng/ml p<0.001), (E- selectin; 68 ± 6.9 vs. 52 ± 9.8 ng/ml p<0.01) and lower levels of nitrites (4.5 ± 0.8μmol/L vs. 6.2 ± 1.2 μmol/L p<0.01) than controls. CONCLUSION: Prehypertensive patients showed higher circulating levels of SAM and lower nitrites than normotensive subjects; which may explain why prehypertensive patients had more complications and coronary risk than normotensive patients.

Keywords:
prehypertension endothelial dysfunction inflammation adhesion molecules

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	The Seven report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high blood pressure. JNC 7. Complete version. Hypertension 2003; 42(6) :1206-1252.
[2]	Drukteinis JS, Roman MJ, Fabsitz RR, et al. Cardiac and systemichemodynamic characteristics of hypertension and prehypertension inadolescents and young adults: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation2007; 115(2):221-227.
[3]	Urbina EM, Khoury PR, McCoy C, et al. Cardiac and vascular consequences of pre-hypertension in youth. J ClinHypertens (Greenwich). 2011; 13(5):332-342.
[4]	Lozano-Nuevo JJ, Estrada-Garcia T, Vargas-Robles H, Escalante-Acosta BA, Rubio-Guerra AF. Correlation between circulating adhesion molecules and resistin levels in hypertensive type-2 diabetic patients.Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2011; 10(1):27-31.
[5]	Manios E, Tsivgoulis G, Koroboki E, Samatelopoulos K, Papamichael C, Toumanidis S. Impact of prehypertension on common carotid artery intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass . Stroke.2009 ; 40(4) : 1515-1518
[6]	Weil BR, Stauffer BL, Greiner JJ, DeSouza CA. Prehypertension is associated with impaired nitric oxide-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in sedentary adults. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24(9):976-81
[7]	Moshage H, Kok B, Huizenga JR, Jansen PL. Nitrite andnitrate determinations in plasma: A critical evaluation. ClinChem. 1995; 41(6):892-896.
[8]	American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2012.Diabetes Care 2012;31 (supp 1:S11-S63
[9]	De Winter MPJ. Kanters E. Kraal G. Hofker MH. Nuclear factor kB signaling in atherogenesis, ArteriosclerThrombVascBiol 2005; 25(5):904-914.
[10]	Rubio AF. Vargas H. Maceda A. Vargas G. Rodriguez L. Escalante BA. Correlation between the levels of circulating adhesion molecules and atherosclerosis in hypertensive type-2 diabetic patients.Clin and Experiment Hypertens 2010;32(5):308-310.
[11]	Hsia J. Margolis KL. Eaton CB. Wenger NK. Allison M. Ling L. Prehypertension and cardiovascular disease risk in the women’s health initiative. Circulation 2007; 115 (7):855-860.
[12]	Qureshi AI. Suri FK. Kirmani JF. Divani AA. Mohammad Y. Is prehipertensión a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases? Stroke 2005; 36 (9):1859-1863.
[13]	Femia R. Kozakova M. Nannipieri M. Gonzalez-Villalpando C. Stern MP. Haffner SM. Ferrannini E. Carotid-intima thickness in confirmed prehypertensive subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27 (10):2244-2249.
[14]	Pimenta E. Oparil S. Prehypertension: epidemiology, consequences and treatment. Nat Rev Nephrol 2010;6 (1):21-30.