American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease
ISSN (Print): 2333-116X ISSN (Online): 2333-1275 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/ajeid Editor-in-chief: John Opuda-Asibo
Open Access
Journal Browser
Go
American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease. 2016, 4(4), 78-83
DOI: 10.12691/ajeid-4-4-3
Open AccessReview Article

Zika Virus Vectors

Glenda C Velásquez-Serra1,

1National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Prometeo Project, Ecuador

Pub. Date: September 18, 2016

Cite this paper:
Glenda C Velásquez-Serra. Zika Virus Vectors. American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease. 2016; 4(4):78-83. doi: 10.12691/ajeid-4-4-3

Abstract

Background: An outbreak of Zika virus has been recently reported in the Americas, specifically in northern Brazil. Due to the fact that the main vectors of the disease, Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus, are widely distributed in the region, epidemics of a greater magnitude are expected to develop in the short term. Methods: References about the implications on disease transmission, geographical distribution, breeding and bionomics of the vectors most frequently associated with virus transmission have been reviewed. Conclusions: This research aims to sensitize health teams and the general public to this infection, which shares the same vectors and some clinical features with dengue and Chikungunya, both common diseases in the Americas.

Keywords:
breeds distribution geographical aedes virus zika

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

Figure of 2

References:

[1]  Dick GW, Kitchen SF, Haddow AJ. Zika virus. I isolations and serological specificity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1952; 46: 509-20.
 
[2]  Hayes EB. Zika virus outside Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009; 15 (9): 1347-1350.
 
[3]  WHO.Western Pacific Region. Zika Virus. 2015. [Accessed September 04, 2015]. Avalaible from: http://www.wpro.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_05182015_zika/en/.
 
[4]  Moore DL, Causey OR, Carey DE, Reddy S, Cooke AR, Akinkugbe FM, et al. Arthropod-borne viral infection of man in Nigeria, 1964-1970. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1975; 69: 49-64.
 
[5]  Monitoring current threats: ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR), week 10/2014. [Accessed September 09, 2015] Avalaible from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/press/news/_layouts/forms/News_DispForm.aspx?List=8db7286cfe2d-476c-9133-18ff4cb1b568&ID=966.
 
[6]  Robin Y, Mouchet J. Serological and entomological study on yellow fever in Sierra Leone. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1975; 68: 249-58.
 
[7]  Virus Zika. Boletin Enfermedades Emergentes. Boletin de alertas epidemiológicas internacionales. 2012. [Accessed September 09, 2015] Avalaible from: http://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-disposition&blobheadername2=cadena&blobheadervalue1= filename%3DBEE-11-12.pdf&blobheadervalue2=language%3Des%26site%3DHospital RamonCajal&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1352806612308&ssbinary=true.
 
[8]  Fagbami AH. Zika virus infections in Nigeria: virological and seroepidemiological investigations in Oyo State. J Hyg (Lond). 1979; 83: 213-9.
 
[9]  European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus infection outbreak, French Polynesia. 2014. Stockholm: ECDC; 2014. [Accessed September 05, 2015] Avalaible from: http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/Zika-virus-French-Polynesia-rapid-riskassessment.pdf.
 
[10]  Fernández-Cortez D. Detección en tiempo real de PCR cuantitativa de virus Zika y evaluación de campo con mosquitos capturados. [Accessed September 12, 2015] Avalaible from: http://biologiadfcortes.blogspot.com/2013/12/deteccion-en-tiempo-real-de-pcr.html.
 
[11]  Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Curso - Taller Centro de Dengue Managua del 3 - 5 Abril 1997. [Accessed August 08, 2015] Avalaible from: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=19579&Itemid.
 
[12]  Organización Mundial de la Salud, Dengue. Guías para el Diagnóstico, Tratamiento, Prevención y Control. Washington. Edición 2009. 2010; 152p.
 
[13]  Carrada T, Vázquez L, López I. Ecología del dengue y Aedes aegypti. Investigación preliminar. Salud Pública. México 1984; 26(1): 63-76.
 
[14]  Briegel H. Physiologycal bases of mosquito ecology. Journal of Vector Ecology 2003; 28(1):1-11.
 
[15]  Russel BM, McBride WJ, Mullner H, Kay BH. Epidemiological significance of subterranean Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) breeding sites to dengue virus infection in Charles Towers,1998. J.Med.Entomol. 2002; 39:143-14.
 
[16]  Consoli R, De Olivera R. Principais mosquitos de importancia sanitaria no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro; Editora Fiocruz. 1994. 228p.
 
[17]  Reiter P, Nathan MB. Guías para la evaluación de la eficacia del rociado especial de insecticidas para el control del vector del dengue Aedes aegypti. 2003. [Accessed August 21, 2015] Avalaible from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/68400/1/WHO_CDS_CPE_PVC_2001.1_spa.pdf.
 
[18]  Gubler DJ, Kuno GK. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic fever. CA International, New York, 1997. P 1-22.
 
[19]  Liew C, Curtis CF. Horizontal and vertical dispersal of dengue vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, in Singapore. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2004; 18: 351-360.
 
[20]  Edman JD, Scott TW, Costero A, Morrison AC, Harrington LC , Clarck GG. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) movement influenced by availability of oviposition sites. J.Med.Entom.1998; 35(4): 578-83.
 
[21]  Gratz NG. Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus. Med Vet Entomol. 2004; 18:215-227.
 
[22]  Rosen L, Tesh R, Lien JC, Cross JH. Transovarial transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes. Science. 1978; 199:909-911.
 
[23]  Mangiafico JA. Chikungunya virus infection and transmission in five species of mosquito. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1971; 20:642-645.
 
[24]  Holick J. Discovery of Aedes albopictus infected with West Nile virus in Southeastern Pennsylvannia. J Am Mosq. Control Assoc. 2002; 18:131.
 
[25]  Turell MJ, O'Guinn ML, Dohm DJ, Jones JW. Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile Virus. J Med Entomol. 2001;38:130-134.
 
[26]  Shinichi N. Mosquito Fauna in the Federated States of Micronesia: A Discussion of the Vector Species of the Dengue Virus. 2014. South Pacific Studies. 34(2): 117-27.
 
[27]  Forattini, O. P. 1986. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) identification in Brazil. Rev. Saúde Pública, 20(3): 244-245.
 
[28]  La Corte Dos Santos R. Updating of the distribution of Aedes albopictus in Brazil (1997-2002). Rev Saude Publica Sao Paulo. 2003; 37:671-673.
 
[29]  Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Aedes albopictus en las Américas. Reseñas. Bol Of Sanit Panam. 1987; 102:624-633.
 
[30]  Vélez ID, Quiñones ML, Suarez M, Olano V, Murcia L; Correa E; et al. Presencia de Aedes albopictus en Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia. Biomédica.1998; 18:182-198.
 
[31]  Rossi GC, Pascual NT, Krsticevic FJ. First record of Aedes albopictus [Skuse) from Argentina. J Am Mosq Control Assoc.1999; 15:422.
 
[32]  Rossi GC, Martínez M. Mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) del Uruguay. Entomol Vect. 2003; 10:469-478.
 
[33]  Navarro JC, Zorrilla A, Moncada N. Primer registro de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) en Venezuela. Importancia como vector de Dengue y acciones a desarrollar. Bol Malariol San Amb. 2009; 46:161-166.
 
[34]  WHO. Chikungunya. 2015 Fact sheet N°327. [Accessed August 21, 2015] Avalaible from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/es/.
 
[35]  Marquetti Fernández MC. Aspectos bioecológicos de importancia para el control de Aedes aegypti y otros culícidos en el ecosistema urbano. La Habana: Editorial Universitaria 2008. [Accessed August 26, 2015]. Avalaible from: http://tesis.repo.b sld.cu/49/1/9789591607546.pdf
 
[36]  Pant CP, Jatanasen S, Yasuno M. 1973. Prevalence of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti and observation on the ecology of dengue haemorraghic in several areas of Thailand. South Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 1973; 4: 113-121.
 
[37]  Focks, D., S. Linda, G. B. Craig, W. Hawley and C. Pampuni. Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): A statistical model of the role of temperature, photoperiod, and geography in the induction of egg diapause. J. M. Entomol, 1994; 31:278-286.
 
[38]  B.C. Ho, K.L. Chan, and Y.C. Chan, “III. Control of Aedes vectors, The biology and bionomics of Aedes albopictus (Skuse),” Y.C. Chan, K.L. Chan and B.C. Ho, Eds., Vector control in Southeast-Asia: Proceedings of the first SEAMEO workshop, Singapore, Aug. 17-18. 1972; p. 226.
 
[39]  Hawley. W. The biology of Aedes albopictus J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 1988; 4 (Suppl):1-37.
 
[40]  Savage HM, Ledermann JP, Yug L, Burkhalter KL, Marfel M, Hancock WT. Incrimination of Aedes (Stegomyia) hensilli Farner as an epidemic vector of Chikungunya virus on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia, 2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015; 92(2):429-36.
 
[41]  Ledermann JP, Guillaumot L, Yug L, Saweyog SC, Tided M, Machieng P, Pretrick M, Marfel M, Griggs A, Bel M, Duffy MR, Hancock WT, Ho-Chen T, Powers AM. Aedes hensilli as a potential vector of Chikungunya and Zika viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014. [Accessed August 21, 2015]. Avalaible from: http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003188.
 
[42]  Duffy MR, Chen, Hancock WT, Powers AM, Kool JL, Lanciotti RS, Pretrick M, Marfel M, Holzbauer S, Dubray C, Guillaumot L, Griggs A, Bel M, Lambert AJ, Laven J, Kosoy O, Panella A, Biggerstaff BJ, Fischer M, Hayes EB. Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia; The New England Journal of Medicine. 2009; 360: 2536-2543.
 
[43]  Roth A, Mericer A, Lepers C, Hoy D, Duituturanga S, Benyon E, Guillaumot L, Souares Y. Concurrent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections - an unprecedented epidemic wave of mosquito-borne viruses in the Pacific, 2012-2014. 2014. Eurosurveillance. [Accessed September 11, 2015] Avalaible from: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/images/dynamic/EE/V19N41/art20929.pdf
 
[44]  Falanruw MC, Whitesell CD, Cole TG, MacLean CD, Ambacher AH. Vegetation survey of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. US Dept Agr Pac SW Forest Range Exp Stat Resource Bull. 1987; 21:1-9.
 
[45]  Corey L Brelsfoard and Stephen L Dobson. Population genetic structure of Aedes polynesiensis in the Society Islands of French Polynesia: implications for control using a Wolbachia-based autocidal strategy. Parasit Vectors. 2012. [Accessed August 10, 2015]. Avalaible from: http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/80.
 
[46]  Musso D, Nilles EJ, Cao-Lormeau VM. Rapid spread of emerging Zika virus in the Pacific area.. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2014; 20(10): 595-596
 
[47]  Dengue and Chikungunya Vector Control Pocket Guide. Armed Forces. Pest Management Board Technical Guide No. 47. 2014. [Accessed July 21, 2015]. Avalaible from: http://www.afpmb.org/sites/default/files/pubs/techguides/tg47.pdf.
 
[48]  Belkin JN. The Mosquitoes of South of Pacific. Vol 2. University of California. Press. 1962. [Accessed August 12, 2015]. Avalaible from: http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/008500-5.pdf.
 
[49]  Samarawickrema WA, Sone F, Kimura E, Self LS, Cummings RF, Paulson GS.The relative importance and distribution of Aedes polynesiensis and Ae. aegypti larval habitats in Samoa. Med Vet Entomol. 1993; 7(1):27-36.
 
[50]  Ferrara L, Germain M, Hervy JP. Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer (Edwards, 1913) et Aedes (Diceromyia) taylori (Edwards, 1936): le point sur la différentiation des adultes. Cahier ORSTOM Série Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie. 1984; 22:95-98.
 
[51]  Huang YM. Notes on the Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer group, with a description of a new species (Diptera: Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 1986; 88(4): 634-649.
 
[52]  Jupp PG. Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer (Edwards) and Aedes (Diceromyia) cordellieri Huang in southern Africa: distribution and morphological differentiation. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 1998; 14(3):273-276.
 
[53]  WHO. Yellow Fever. Handbook Rapid field entomological assessment during yellow fever outbreaks in Africa. Methodological field approaches for scientists with a basic background in entomology. 2014. [Accessed July 08, 2015]. Avalaible from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112785/1/WHO_HSE_PED_CED_2014.3_eng.pdf.
 
[54]  Jupp PG, Kemp A. The potential for dengue in South Africa: vector competence tests with dengue 1 and 2 viruses and 6 mosquito species. Trans R Soc Trop Med & Hyg 1993; 87: 639-643.
 
[55]  Diallo M, Thonnon J, Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D Vector of the Chikungunya virus in Senegal: current date and transmission cycles. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999; 60: 281-6.
 
[56]  WRBU. Systematic Catalog of Culicidae. Washington DC, USA. 2009. [Accessed July 08, 2015]. Avalaible from: http://www.mosquitocatalog.org
 
[57]  Jupp PG, McIntosh BM. Aedes furcifer and other mosquitoes as vectors of chikungunya virus at Mica, northeastern Transvaal, South Africa. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1990; 6(3):415-20.
 
[58]  Aedes luteocephalus en: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. Consultado el 14-10-2012. [Consulted 08-08-2015]. Avalaible at: http://www.wrbu.org/SpeciesPages_non-ANO/non-ANO_A-hab/AElut_hab.html.
 
[59]  Lee VH, Moore DL. - Vectors of the 1969 yellow fever epidemic on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 1972; 46: 669-673.
 
[60]  Huang YM. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in the Afrotropical region, I. The Africanus group of species (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute. 1990; 26:1-90.