American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease
ISSN (Print): 2333-116X ISSN (Online): 2333-1275 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/ajeid Editor-in-chief: John Opuda-Asibo
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American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease. 2024, 12(2), 23-28
DOI: 10.12691/ajeid-12-2-2
Open AccessArticle

Current Innovations in the Diagnosis and Immunization of Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonoses

Mahendra Pal1, , Firaol Tariku2, Dhwani Upadhyay3 and Ravindra Zende4

1Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

2Nono Woreda Agricultural Office, Silk Amba, West Shew Zone, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia

3Life Science Department, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

4Department of Veterinary Public Health, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai, India

Pub. Date: June 18, 2024

Cite this paper:
Mahendra Pal, Firaol Tariku, Dhwani Upadhyay and Ravindra Zende. Current Innovations in the Diagnosis and Immunization of Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonoses. American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease. 2024; 12(2):23-28. doi: 10.12691/ajeid-12-2-2

Abstract

Zoonoses caused by multiple etiological agents pose a serious threat to humans as well as animals globally. These diseases affect both the sexes, all age groups, in rural and urban settings, and in all seasons. Zoonotic diseases occur in sporadic as well as in epidemic form causing high morbidity and mortality. Most zoonoses involve multiple modes of transmission, such as ingestion, direct contact, inhalation, animal bite and others. Also, more than 60% of recently emerging viruses exhibit zoonotic characteristics, thereby posing a significant menace to global public health. The spread of these diseases is mostly caused by a number of factors, such as global trade, intensive animal husbandry, climate change, variations to immunization protocols, and antibiotic resistance. Effective disease control necessitates the interdisciplinary collaboration advocated by the One Health approach. This study investigates novel diagnostic and vaccination techniques while doing a detailed analysis of newly emerging and re-emerging zoonoses and explaining the factors that led to their emergence. Next-generation sequencing and rapid diagnostic testing are examples of technological innovations that have improved disease surveillance and detection. Furthermore, advancements in mRNA vaccines show promising future, albeit their broad applicability is yet uncertain. Putting preventive and control measures into action- such as One Health campaigns, strong surveillance systems, and extensive vaccination drives- is essential to limit the adverse effects of zoonotic diseases on people's health, livestock and the environment.

Keywords:
emerging infectious disease factors innovation One Health Re-emerging zoonoses

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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