| [1] | Wadhwa S. Digital dentistry: an overview and future prospects. Br Dent J. 2024; 237: 22. |
| |
| [2] | Eggmann F, Blatz MB. Recent advances in intraoral scanners. J Dent Res. 2024 Dec; 103(13): 1349-1357. |
| |
| [3] | Drummond D, et al. Definitions and characteristics of patient digital twins being developed for clinical use: scoping review. J Med Internet Res. 2024; 26: e58504. |
| |
| [4] | Roy S, Richert R, Tavares JMRS, Lahoud P. Editorial: applications of digital twin technology in dentistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 Jun 11; 13: 1624734. |
| |
| [5] | Katsoulakis E, Wang Q, Wu H, Shahriyari L, Fletcher R, Liu J, et al. Digital twins for health: a scoping review. NPJ Digit Med. 2024 Mar 22; 7(1): 77. |
| |
| [6] | Sharma M, Savage C, Nair M, Larsson I, Svedberg P, Nygren JM. Artificial intelligence applications in health care practice: scoping review. J Med Internet Res. 2022; 24(10): e40238. |
| |
| [7] | Dashti A, Reda M, AlAdwani A, Shukrallah A, Dashti H, Alkandari A, et al. The 4D virtual patient in digital dentistry: can multimodal data integration and specialty-specific applications pave the road toward dental digital twins? Int J Community Med Public Health. 2026; 13: 4665-4678. |
| |
| [8] | Thamsopinkull C. Digital twins in dentistry: technological foundations and clinical applications. Asian Health Sci Technol Rep. 2026; 34(2): 4504. |
| |
| [9] | Duggal I, Tripathi T, Gupta V. Exploring the scope and applications of digital twin technologies in dentistry: a scoping review. Evid Based Dent. 2026; 27: 41. |
| |
| [10] | Sarani Rad F, Jafarpour M, Bitaraf E, Khaleghdadi K, Li J. Digital twin applications in diabetes management: scoping review. JMIR Diabetes. 2026 Jun 18; 11: e83059. |
| |
| [11] | Joda T, Balmer M, Jung RE, Ioannidis A. Clinical use of digital applications for diagnostic and treatment planning in prosthodontics: a scoping review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2024 Aug; 35(8): 782-792. |
| |
| [12] | Joda T, Zarone F, Ferrari M. The complete digital workflow in fixed prosthodontics: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2017 Sep 19; 17(1): 124. |
| |
| [13] | Eweis IAM, Rakha R, Badve S, Nimale A, Chokshi R, Rodil MMP, et al. Embracing digital technology in implantology: from current practice to future potential. Int J Dent Mater. 2026; 8(1): 16-25. |
| |
| [14] | Elbanna L, et al. Fundamentals of dental implantology: a comprehensive review. Saudi J Oral Dent Res. 2025; 10(8): 308-315. |
| |
| [15] | Bhardwaj I, Jose NP, Nambiar S, Ahuja D, Rao S, Prasad S. Integration of digital twin technology in orthodontics: a scoping review. Int J Dent. 2026 Jun 20; 2026: 3347380. |
| |
| [16] | Olawade DB, Ede IC, Olawuyi OF, Egbon E, Makanjuola BD, Alabi JO. Advancing orthodontic care through digital twin technology. Transl Dent Res. 2026; 2(3): 100088. |
| |
| [17] | Elbanna L, Karne S, Zamora Lopez D, Mansoor M, Daniel AO, Movva SR, Singh S. The digital transformation of dentistry: AI-driven innovations and clinical challenges. Am J Med Sci Med. 2026; 14(1): 7-12. |
| |
| [18] | Coopman R, De Kock L, Denoiseux B, Ureel M, Bogaert C. Enriching the virtual twin: clinical benefits of facial scan integration in orthognathic surgery planning. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2026 Jul; 64(6): 470-477. |
| |
| [19] | Asciak L, Kyeremeh J, Luo X, Kazakidi A, Connolly P, Picard F, et al. Digital twin assisted surgery: concept, opportunities, and challenges. NPJ Digit Med. 2025 Jan 15; 8(1): 32. |
| |
| [20] | Chatzopoulos GS, Koidou VP, Tsalikis L, Kaklamanos EG. Clinical applications of artificial intelligence in periodontology: a scoping review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Jun 10; 61(6): 1066. |
| |
| [21] | Wadhwa B, Bhandari S, Khanna M, et al. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a hemifacial defect using hybrid digital-conventional workflow. BMJ Case Rep. 2026; 19: e267064. |
| |
| [22] | Wadhwa B, Bhandari S, Khanna M, Singh S, Singh U. Custom ocular prostheses incorporating braille for a patient with bilateral anophthalmia: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Dec; 134(6): 2573-2576. |
| |
| [23] | Wadhwa B, Bhandari S, Singh U, Khanna M, Singh S. Custom ocular prosthesis fabrication and dispensing in a day leveraging evaluation under anesthesia in retinoblastoma children: a case series. Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2026; 6(2): 593-598. |
| |
| [24] | Lam WYH, Ling Z, Mao K, Park JM, Zandinejad A, Carreiro ADFP, et al. Digital dentistry in clinical practice: a scoping review of current capabilities and future directions. Int Dent J. 2026 Feb; 76(1): 109296. |
| |
| [25] | Khoshfekr Rudsari H, Tseng B, Zhu H, Song L, Gu C, Roy A, et al. Digital twins in healthcare: a comprehensive review and future directions. Front Digit Health. 2025 Nov 18; 7: 1633539. |
| |
| [26] | Bansal RK, Arya A, Singh B, Singla M, Gupta S. Role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in conservative dentistry and endodontics: a review. Cureus. 2025 Jul 22; 17(7): e88515. |
| |
| [27] | Iqbal AI, Aamir A, Hammad A, Hafsa A, Basit A, Oduoye MO, et al. Immersive technologies in healthcare: an in-depth exploration of virtual reality and virtual reality and augmented reality in enhancing patient care, medical education, and training paradigms. J Prim Care Community Health. 2024 Jan-Dec; 15: 21501319241293311. |
| |
| [28] | Picado Duarte IV, Rambhatla N, Daniel AO, Karthik A, Chileveru K, Pinnamaneni M, Singh S. Digital dentistry in routine clinical practice: applications and advancements. EAS J Dent Oral Med. 2026; 8(1): 9-18. |
| |
| [29] | Li Y, Wang M, Qiu S, Chen J, Wang F. Current status and future perspectives of wearable technologies for oral health in clinical applications. Diagnostics. 2026; 16: 1015. |
| |
| [30] | Maddahi Y, Chen S. Applications of digital twins in the healthcare industry: case review of an IoT-enabled remote technology in dentistry. Virtual Worlds. 2022; 1: 20-41. |
| |
| [31] | Silva A, Vale N. Digital twins in personalized medicine: bridging innovation and clinical reality. J Pers Med. 2025 Oct 22; 15(11): 503. |
| |
| [32] | Vallée A. Digital twins for personalized medicine require epidemiological data and mathematical modeling: viewpoint. J Med Internet Res. 2025 Aug 5; 27: e72411. |
| |
| [33] | Saratkar SY, Langote M, Kumar P, Gote P, Weerarathna IN, Mishra GV. Digital twin for personalized medicine development. Front Digit Health. 2025 Aug 7; 7: 1583466. |
| |
| [34] | Belbase P, Bhusal R, Ghimire SS, Sharma S, Banskota B. Assuring assistance to healthcare and medicine: Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and artificial intelligence of things. Front Artif Intell. 2024 Dec 13; 7: 1442254. |
| |
| [35] | Aravazhi PS, Gunasekaran P, Benjamin NZY, Thai A, Chandrasekar KK, Kolanu ND, et al. The integration of artificial intelligence into clinical medicine: trends, challenges, and future directions. Dis Mon. 2025 Jun; 71(6): 101882. |
| |
| [36] | Saghiri MA, Vakhnovetsky J, Saghiri AM. The future of digital twins in precision dentistry. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2023 Jan-Feb; 13(1): 19. |
| |
| [37] | McGrath C, Chau CWR, Molina GF. Monitoring oral health remotely: ethical considerations when using AI among vulnerable populations. Front Oral Health. 2025 Apr 14; 6: 1587630. |
| |
| [38] | Chaparro-Cárdenas SL, Ramirez-Bautista JA, Terven J, Córdova-Esparza DM, Romero-Gonzalez JA, Ramírez-Pedraza A, et al. A technological review of digital twins and artificial intelligence for personalized and predictive healthcare. Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jul 21; 13(14): 1763. |
| |
| [39] | Papachristou K, Katsakiori PF, Papadimitroulas P, Strigari L, Kagadis GC. Digital twins’ advancements and applications in healthcare, towards precision medicine. J Pers Med. 2024; 14: 1101. |
| |
| [40] | Surdu A, Foia CI, Luchian I, Trifan D, Budala DG, Scutariu MM, et al. Telemedicine and digital tools in dentistry: enhancing diagnosis and remote patient care. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Apr 30; 61(5): 826. |
| |
| [41] | Miao JH, Mohamed OAE, Straus C, Peters V, Miller E, Dawoud B, et al. Can artificial intelligence really help? A practicing radiologist’s simplified guide to AI, with a critical appraisal of the use of AI in cancer-associated thromboembolism. Cancers. 2026; 18: 2753. |
| |