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American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture
ISSN (Print): 2328-398X ISSN (Online): 2328-3998 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/ajcea Editor-in-chief: Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal
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American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2025, 13(3), 62-72
DOI: 10.12691/ajcea-13-3-2
Open AccessArticle

Review on the Active and Passive Control Systems for the Planing Boats

Mahdi Karimkhani1, Hassan Ghassemi1, 2, and Guanghua He2

1Department of Maritime Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

2School of Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China

Pub. Date: July 13, 2025
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Cite this paper:
Mahdi Karimkhani, Hassan Ghassemi and Guanghua He. Review on the Active and Passive Control Systems for the Planing Boats. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2025; 13(3):62-72. doi: 10.12691/ajcea-13-3-2

Abstract

This paper presents a review of active and passive control systems used in planing boats, emphasizing their design, function, and hydrodynamic impact. Control surfaces including trim tabs, stern flaps, interceptors, rudders, hydroplanes, and T-foils are categorized by function (pitch, yaw, roll control) and type (active or passive). Their roles in improving dynamic stability, maneuverability, and fuel efficiency are analyzed. An additional attention is given to their influence on reducing motion-induced discomfort, including motion sickness incidence (MSI), through attenuation of heave and pitch accelerations. A cost assessment contrasts the complexity and operational advantages of active systems with the simplicity and reliability of passive ones. The paper also compares pressure distribution patterns and drag reduction effectiveness of interceptors and trim-tabs using experimental data and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) results. Furthermore, it explores strategies such as stepped hulls for minimizing porpoising instability and provides a procedural overview of fin stabilizer activation mechanisms. A review of many recent published papers offers broad insights into ongoing innovations and applications of control surfaces in high-speed boats. This work aims to support the optimal design and implementation of control systems that balance performance, stability, and onboard comfort.

Keywords:
Planing boats Control surfaces Passive and active types Instability Dynamic equations

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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