Examining the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Groundwater Quality: The Case of Farrukhabad District, India

Muhammad Abdullah¹, Ataur Rehman¹, Mohammad Ribie Bin Arif^1, and Mohammad Arif Kamal²

¹Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

²Architecture Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

Cite this paper:
Muhammad Abdullah, Ataur Rehman, Mohammad Ribie Bin Arif and Mohammad Arif Kamal. Examining the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Groundwater Quality: The Case of Farrukhabad District, India. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2023; 11(1):1-9. doi: 10.12691/ajcea-11-1-1

Abstract

Water quality is a critical problem for humanity since it is directly related to human health, environmental preservation, and long-term development. The groundwater is water that is held beneath the ground surface in the microscopic pore spaces between rock, sand, soil, and gravel. The present study is being carried out in the district of Farrukhabad to study the quality of groundwater and its appropriateness for drinking. For this purpose, six physical and six chemical characteristics were measured in a total of fourteen groundwater samples (pH, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca, Mg, Cl, F, NO₃ and HCO₃). Further to analyze the quality of groundwater and its appropriateness for drinking purposes each computed parameter was compared to the Bureau of Indian Standards' 2012 desired limits. The pH value ranges from 7.10 to 7.79, indicating that the groundwater in the studied region is slightly alkaline. Groundwater can be classified as hard to very hard depending on total hardness, which varies from 188 mg/l to 556 mg/l. All the water samples had Ca, Mg, Cl, and F levels within permissible limits. As per the Water Quality Index (WQI) classification, the majority of the samples are classified in the good water categories, except S12 and S13 samples, which show poor water quality. According to the Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) classification, the majority of the samples had negligible to low pollution This paper from the findings of this study, concludes that the groundwater in the Farrukhabad district is of good quality, hence making it suitable for drinking.

Keywords:
Physico-chemical parameters Water Quality Index (WQI) Pollution Index Groundwater (PIG) Groundwater Quality Farrukhabad India

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