The Association between Sleep Duration and Coronary Artery Disease among American Adults in 2018

Jadthiel Oliva^1, , Marina Shehata¹, Asia Thomas¹, Fred Rudensky¹ and Prince Adu Amoako¹

¹Department of Research, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Osbourn, Antigua & Barbuda

Cite this paper:
Jadthiel Oliva, Marina Shehata, Asia Thomas, Fred Rudensky and Prince Adu Amoako. The Association between Sleep Duration and Coronary Artery Disease among American Adults in 2018. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research. 2022; 8(1):37-48. doi: 10.12691/ajcdr-8-1-4

Abstract

Context: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent form of heart disease in the United States. CAD has many modifiable risk factors, such as poor diet, smoking, and lack of exercise. Much like the factors above, short sleep duration is commonly reported by American adults. Objective: This study examines the association between sleep duration and CAD in American adults in 2018. Methods: We used data from adults 18 or older who participated in the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) cross-sectional study. The independent variable was sleep duration in hours (rounded up), and the categories were (≤5 hours, 6 hours, 7-8 hours, and ≥9 hours). The dependent variable was ever having MI, angina, or CAD as diagnosed by a healthcare professional. The frequency of CAD is presented as weighted sampling proportions. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for CAD comparing selected characteristics and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). STATA 16.1 was the statistical software we used. Results: Our sample included 421,983 participants. The reference value for sleep duration was between 7-8 hours. A higher percentage of participants who slept ≤5 hours (6.8% weighted) or ≥9 hours (7.5% weighted) experienced CAD as compared to those who slept 6 hours (4.1% weighted) or 7-8 hours (3.9% weighted). Logistic regression analysis indicates that individuals who slept ≤5 hours showed an increased odds of experiencing CAD based on OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.27-1.57) after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Furthermore, individuals who reported sleeping ≥9 hours also displayed increased odds of CAD (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.03-1.42) after adjustment. The p-values for these categories were <0.001. Conclusion: Our study found that adults who slept 5 hours or less and those who slept 9 hours or more had an increased chance of experiencing coronary artery disease. This remained the case after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, sex, lifestyle, and comorbidities. These findings warrant further research regarding the association between sleep duration and coronary artery disease.

Keywords:
acute myocardial infarction sleep duration chronic sleep deprivation

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