Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences
ISSN (Print): 2328-3912 ISSN (Online): 2328-3920 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/aees Editor-in-chief: Alejandro González Medina
Open Access
Journal Browser
Go
Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2013, 1(5), 92-97
DOI: 10.12691/aees-1-5-4
Open AccessArticle

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluent Using Constructed Wetland Technology

Dipu Sukumaran1,

1Central Pollution Control Board Zonal Office- Kolkata, Southend Conclave India, India

Pub. Date: October 15, 2013

Cite this paper:
Dipu Sukumaran. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluent Using Constructed Wetland Technology. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2013; 1(5):92-97. doi: 10.12691/aees-1-5-4

Abstract

Phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. In the present study, an attempt to have a comparative assessment of the efficiency of aquatic weeds like Typha latifolia, Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes to treat the effluents under laboratory conditions. The bio concentration factor (BCF) of lead, copper, arsenic and cadmium by the floating and emergent plant were studied. The effluent of rare earth separating industry had high concentration of copper, cadmium and arsenic. Eichhornia crassipes and Typha latifolia based constructed wetlands are the best options for treatment of the effluent. Lead from Titanium sponge industry effluent was removed prominently by Eichhornia crassipes than the emergent plant Typha latifolia. But other heavy metals like copper and cadmium was removed prominently by Typha latifolia.

Keywords:
bioconcentration factor constructed wetlands heavy metals macrophytes Phytoremediation

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]  Dipu, S., Anju A. K., Salom Gnana Thanga V “ Phytoremediation of dairy effluent by constructed wetland technology”, Environmentalist, 31 (3), 263-268. 2011.
 
[2]  Capuana, M., “Heavy metals and woody plants - biotechnologies for Phytoremediation,” Biogeosciences and Forestry, 4, 7-15. 2011.
 
[3]  Cunningham, S. D., Berti, W.R. “Remediation of contaminated soi1 with green plants: an overview,” In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 29, 207-212. 1993.
 
[4]  Hartman, W. J., An evaluation of land treatment of municipal wastewater and physical siting of facility installations, Washington DC, US Department of Army, 432-467. 1975.
 
[5]  Dhir, B., “Use of aquatic plants in removing heavy metals from waste water,” International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2, 185. 2010.
 
[6]  Kabata, P. A., Pendias, H., Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 112-126. 2001.
 
[7]  Chaney, R. L., Plant uptake of inorganic waste, In: Land Treatment of Hazardous Waste (Eds: Parr J.E., Marsh P.B., Kla J.M.) Noyes Data Corp, Park Ridge, 50-76. 1983.
 
[8]  Baker, A. J. M., Reeves, R. D., McGrath, G. P., In situ decontamination of heavy metal polluted soils using crops of metal accumulating plants- a feasibility study, In; insitu Bioreclamation (Ed: Hinchee), Stohneham, 539-544. 1991.
 
[9]  Boyd, R. S., Martens, S. N., “Nickel hyperaccurnulated between Thlaspi and Montanum is acutely toxic to an insect herbivore,” Oikos, 70, 21-25. 1994.
 
[10]  Meharg, A. A., Hartley-Whitaker, J., “Arsenic uptake and metabolism in arsenic resistant and nonresistant plant species,” New Phytologist, 154, 29-43. 2002.
 
[11]  McArthur, J., Ravenscroft, P., Safiulla, S., Thirlwall, M. F., “Arsenic in groundwater: Testing pollution mechanisms for sedimentary aquifers in Bangladesh,” Water Resources Research, 37, 109-117. 2001.
 
[12]  Wang, Q., Cui, Y., Dong, Y., “Phytoremediation of Polluted Waters; Potentials and Prospects of Wetland Plants,” Engineering in Life Sciences, 22, 199-208. 2002.
 
[13]  Salido, A. L., Hasty, K. L., Lim, J. M., Butcher, D. J., “Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil using Chinese brake ferns (Pteris vittata) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea),” International Journal of Phytoremediation, 5, 89-103. 2003.
 
[14]  Blaylock, M., Salt D., Dushenkov, S., Zakharova, O., Gussman, C., Kapulnik, Y., Ensley, B., Raskin, I., “Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents,” Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 860-865. 1997.
 
[15]  Cosio, C., Keller, C., “Hyper accumulation of cadmium and zinc in Thlaspi caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri at the leaf cellular level,” Plant Physiology, 134, 716-725. 2004.
 
[16]  Kupper, H., Lombi, E., Zhao F. J., McGrath S. P., “Cellular compartmentation of cadmium and zinc in relation to other elements in the hyper accumulator Arabidopsis halleri,” Planta, 212, 75-84. 2000.
 
[17]  Salt, D. E., Pickering, I. J., Prince, R.C., Gleba, D., Dushenkov, S., Smith, R. D., Raskin, I. “Metal accumulation by aquacultured seedlings of Indian mustard,” Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 1635-1644. 1997.
 
[18]  Murphy, A. S, Eisinger, W. R., Shaff, J. E., Kochian L. V., Taiz, L., “Early copper-induced leakage of K(+) from Arabidopsis halleri seedlings is mediated by ion channels and coupled to citrate efflux,” Plant Physiology, 121, 1375-1382. 1999.
 
[19]  Rauser, W. E., “Structure and function of metal chelators produced by plants: the case for organic acids, amino acids, phytin, and metallothioneins,” Cell Biochem. Biophys., 31, 19-48. 1999.
 
[20]  Kuzovkina, Y. A., Knee, M., Quigley, M. F., “Cadmium and copper uptake and translocation in five willow (Salix L.) species,” International Journal of Phytoremediation, 6, 269-287. 2004.
 
[21]  Wu, L., Li H., Luo, Y. M., Christie, P. “Nutrients can enhance phytoremediation of copper polluted soil by Indian mustard,” Environ Geochem. Health, 26, 331-335. 2004.
 
[22]  Liao, S., Chang, N., “Heavy metal phytoremediation by water hyacinth at constructed wetlands in Taiwan,” J. Aquatic Plant Manag., 42, 60-68. 2004.
 
[23]  EPA, Lead in paint, dust, and soil, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-HQ-OPPT-2005-0049. 2005
 
[24]  Sahi, S. V., Bryant N. L., Sharma N. C., Singh S. R., “Characterization of a lead hyper accumulator shrub, Sesbania drummondii,” Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 4676-4680. 2002
 
[25]  Wong, J. W. C., Lai, K. M., Su, D. S., Fang, M., “Availability of heavy metals for Brassica chinensis grown in an acidic loamy soil amended with domestic and industrial sewage sludge,” Water Air Soil Pollution, 128, 339-353. 2001.
 
[26]  Garcia, G., Faz, A., Cunha, M., “Performance of Piptatherum miliaceum (Smilo grass) in edaphic Pb and Zn phytoremediation over a short growth period,” Int. Bio dete. & Bio deg., 54, 245-250. 2004.
 
[27]  Kumar, P. B., Dushenkov, V., Motto H., Raskin, I., “Phytoextraction: the use of plants to remove heavy metals from soils,” Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 1232-1238. 1995.
 
[28]  Huang, J., Chen, J., Berti, W., Cunningham, S., “Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils: Role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction. Environmental Science and Technology,” 31, 800-805. 1997.
 
[29]  Lasat, M. M., “Phytoextraction of toxic metals: a review of biological mechanisms,” Journal of Environmental Quality, 31, 109-129. 2002.
 
[30]  Ensley, B. D., Rationale for Use of Phytoremediation, In: Raskin I., Ensley B. D. (Eds.) Phytoremediation of toxic metals using plants to clean up the environment, John Wiley and Sons, 3-12. 2000.
 
[31]  Reeves, R. D., Baker, A. J. M., Metal accumulating plants, In: Raskin I., Ensley B. D. (Eds), Phytoremediation of toxic metals using plants to clean up the environment, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 193-230. 2000.
 
[32]  APHA, Standard method for examination of water and waste water (15th Edition), APHA, AWWA, Washington DC. 1995.
 
[33]  Jones, J. B., Case V. W., Sampling, handling, and analyzing plant tissue samples - Soil testing and plant analysis, SSSA, Inc., Madison, WI, 1990.
 
[34]  Zayed, A., Gowthaman, S., Terry, N., “Phytoaccumulation of trace elements by wetland plants: I. aestivum Linn.,” Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 537, 29-41. 1998.
 
[35]  Fu, W, Franco, A., Trapp, S., “Methods for estimating the bioconcentration factor of ionizable organic chemicals”, Environ Toxicol Chem., 28, 1372-1379. 2009.
 
[36]  Zurayk, R. A., Khoury, N. F., Tallhouk, S. N., Baalbaki, R. S., “Salinity-heavy metal interactions in four salt tolerant plant species,” Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24, 1773-1786. 2001.
 
[37]  Rai, P. K., “Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems and its phytoremediation using wetland plants: An eco sustainable approach,” International Journal of Phytoremediation, 10, 133-160. 2008.
 
[38]  Shugeng, L., Kefang, Z., Shaoqi, Z., Liqiu, Z., Qiul,I. C., “ Use of dewatered municipal sludge on Canna growth in pot experiments with a barren clay soil,” Waste Management, 29, 1870-1876. 2009.
 
[39]  Peng, K., Luo, C., Lou, L., Li X., Shen, Z., “Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by the aquatic plants Potamogeton pectinatus L. and Potamogeton malaianus Miq. and their potential use for contamination indicators and in wastewater treatment,” The Science of the total environment, 392, 22-31. 2008.
 
[40]  Tiwari K. K., Dwivedi S., Mishra S., Srivastava, S., Tripathi, R. D., Singh, N. K., Chakraborty, S., “Phytoremediation efficiency of Portulaca tuberosa rox and Portulaca oleracea L. naturally growing in an industrial effluent irrigated area in Vadodra, Gujarat, India,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 147, 123-128. 2008.
 
[41]  Verma, V. K., Gupta, R. K., Rai, J. P. N., “Biosorption of Pb and Zn from pulp and paper industry effluent by water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes,” Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 64, 778. 2005.
 
[42]  Cheng, S., Wolfgang, G., Friedhelm, K., Manfred, T., “Efficiency of constructed wetlands in decontamination of water polluted by heavy metals,” Environmental technology, 12, 1039-1043. 2002.
 
[43]  Stoltz, E., Greger, M., “Accumulation properties of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by four wetland plant species growing on submerged mine tailings,” Environ. Exptal. Botany, 47, 271-280. 2002.
 
[44]  Mishra, S., Mohanty, M., Pradhan, C., Patra, H.K., Das, R., Sahoo, S., “Physico-chemical assessment of paper mill effluent and its heavy metal remediation using aquatic macrophytes-a case study at JK Paper mill, Rayagada, India”, Environ Monit Assess.,185, 4347-59. 2013.
 
[45]  Gandhimathi, R., Ramesh, S.T., Arun, V.M., Nidheesh, P.V., “Biosorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)”, Int. J. of Environment and Waste Management, 11, (4), 365-386. 2013.
 
[46]  Johanna, N., Maria, G., “A field study of constructed wetlands for preventing and treating acid mine drainage”, Ecological Engineering,” 35. 630-642. 2009.
 
[47]  Anning A.K., Korsah P.E., Addo-Fordjour P., “Phytoremediation of wastewater with Limnocharis flava, Thalia geniculata and Typha latifolia in constructed wetlands”, Int Journal of Phytoremediation, 15(5), 452-64. 2013.