Changes in Enzymes Activities of Clarias Gariepinus Brood Fish Exposed to Anaesthetics Metomidate

O.A. Akinrotimi^1, , U.U Gabriel² and O.O. Orokotan³

¹African Regional Aquaculture Centres/Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research. Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

²Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

³Gabrovic Agri Nig. Ltd. Fishery Consultancy Services,, Eliozu Junction, Rumuodara, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria

Cite this paper:
O.A. Akinrotimi, U.U Gabriel and O.O. Orokotan. Changes in Enzymes Activities of Clarias Gariepinus Brood Fish Exposed to Anaesthetics Metomidate. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2013; 1(3):37-40. doi: 10.12691/aees-1-3-3

Abstract

The effect of anaesthetic metomidate on the enzymes activities (Alanine transminase – ALT; Aspartate transaminase – AST; Alkaline phosphatase-ALP and Lactate dehydrogenase – LDH) in female Clarias gariepinus was investigated using different concentrations (0.00mlL^-1 – control; 0.25; 0.75; 1.00; 2.00; 6.00; 8.00; 10.00 and 12.00mlL^-1) in triplicates. The results from the study indicated that the anaesthetic caused a concentration dependent significant increase (p < 0.05) in the four enzymes under consideration. The highest activities in all the enzymes were observed in 12.00mlL^-1 and the lowest in the control. The results from this work therefore suggests that the anaesthetics impair enzymes activities in the fish which was more noticeable in the fish exposed to higher concentration of 8.00-12.00m/L^-1. Hence caution should be exercised in the application of this anaesthetics in sedation of C. gariepinus.

Keywords:
anaesthetics aquaculture stress catfish enzymes

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Angelids, P; Baudin – Laurecin, T; and Youinov, S. (1987). Stress in rainbow trout salmon geivrdineri, effects upon phagocytes and susceptibility to Aeromonas salmonicida J. Fish. Biol. 31:113-122.
[2]	Gabriel, U. U.; P. E. Anyanwu and Akinrotimi O. A. (2007a). Blood characteristics associate with continent stress in Black chin Tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron J. Fish. Intl. 2(2):186-189.
[3]	Pickering, A. D. (1981). Stress and Fish. Academic Press New York. 367pp.
[4]	Cubero, L. and Molinero, A. (1997). Handling confinement and anesthetic exposure induced changes in the blood and tissue immune characteristics of gilthead sea bream. Dis. Aquat. Org. 31:89-94.
[5]	Ainsworth, A. J; C. Dexlag and P. R. Waterstrat (1991). Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte percentages and function of new cells in stressed channel catfish. J. Aqual Anim. Health 3:41-47.
[6]	Gabriel, U. U; P. E. Anyanwu and A. O. Akinrotimi (2007b). Haematological profile of black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanothern from Buguma Creek, Niger Delta. Agric. J. 2(3): 384-387.
[7]	Akinrotimi, O. A., Gabriel, U. U., Anyanwu, P. E. and Anyanwu, A. O. (2007). Influence of sex, acclimation methods andperiod on haematology of Sarotherodon melanotheron. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 2(3): 348-352.
[8]	Otruno J; Esteban U. A. and Meseguer, J. (2002). Lack of effect of combining different stressors on innate immune response of sea bream (Sparus aurata L). Vet. Immunolimmunopathol (84):17-27.
[9]	Tort, L; Puigcerver, M., Crespo, S. and Padros F. (2002). Cortisol and haematological response in sea bream and trout subjected to the anesthetics clove oil and 2-phenoethanol. Aquaculture Research 33:907-910.
[10]	Akinrotimi, O.A. Opara, J.Y and Ibemere, I.F. (2012). Changes in haematological parameters of Tilapia guinensis exposed to different water pH environment Innovations in Science and Engineering 2:9-14
[11]	Velisek J. and Svobodova Z. (2004). Anesthesia of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchos mykiss) with 2-phenoxyethanol: acute toxicity and effects on biochemical blood profile. Acta Vet. Brno. 73:378-384.
[12]	Velisek, J. and Svobodova, Z., Piackova V., Groch L., Nepekchalovah (2003). Effects of clove oil anaesthesia in common. Carp. Vet. Med. 50:269-274.
[13]	Graham, M. S. and Iwama, G. K. (1990). The physiologic effects of the anaesthetic, ketamine hydrochloride on two salmond species. Aquaculture 90:323-332.
[14]	Bell, G. R. (1987). Distributions of transaminases (aminotransferases) in the tissue of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with emphasis on the properties and diagnostic use of glutamic-oxolacetic transaminase J. Fisheries. Res. Board Can. 25:1247-1268.
[15]	Holloway A. C., Keene J, Noakes, D. G; Moccia, R. D. (2004). Effects of clove oil and Ms-222 on blood hormones profiles in rainbow trout Oncorhyrchus mykiss. Aquacult. Res. 35:1025-1030.
[16]	Hamoakova, J; Lepicova, A; Kozakp; Stupla, Z. Kouril, J and Lepic P. (2004). The efficacy of various anaesthetics in tench (Tinca tinca) related to water temperature Vet. Med. 49:467-472.
[17]	Gomes, L. C.; Duran E; Gasquez; S. Mosotz and Roncero, V. (2003). Effect of fish density during transportation on stress and mortality of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 34(1):76-84.
[18]	Wagner, E., Arudt. R. and Hilton B. (2002). Physiological stress responses, egg survival and sperm mobility for rainbow trout brood stock anaesthetized with clove oil tricaine methane sulfonate or carborn dioxide. Aquaculture 211:353-366.
[19]	Trimmers, R. J. Granneman, J. C. Lambert, J. G. and Vanoordt, P. G. (1988). Estrogen-2-hydroxylase in the brain of the male Africa catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Gerontology and Comparative Endocrinology 72(2):190-203.
[20]	Weber, R.A., Peleteriro, J.B., Garcia, Martin I.O. and Aldegonde, M. (2009). The efficacy of 2-phenoxyethenol metomidate, clove oil and MS-222 as anaesthetics agents in the Senegalese Sule. Aquaculture 288:147-150.
[21]	Velisek, J. and Svobodova, Z. and Piakova V. (2005). Effects of clove oil anesthesia on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Acta Vet Brno. 74:139-146.
[22]	Velisek, J., Wlasow T., Gomulka, P, Z., Svobodova and L. Novotry (2007). Effects of 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthesia on sheatfish Silvarus glanis. Vet Med. 52(3):103-110.
[23]	Sveliger, Y.; E.O Orve and N. Uner (2004). Ebaluation of Etoxazole toxicity in the liver of Oreochronis Niloticus Pest. Biochem Physiol 78:1-8.
[24]	Wahua, T. A. T. (1999). Applied Statistics for scientific studies. Afrika link books. Aba,+- Nigeria. 365pp.
[25]	Oruc, E. O. and Uner, N. (2001). Marker enzyme assessment in the liver of Cyprivus carpio. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol 16:182-188.
[26]	Gabriel, U. U and George, A. D. I. (2005). Plasma enzymes in clarias gariepinus exposed to chronic levels of round-up (Glry phosphate). Env. Ecol. 23:271-276.
[27]	Iverzen, M; Finstand, B; Mckinley, R. S; Eliassen, R. A. (2003). The efficacy of metomediate, clove oil, Agri-S and benzoak as anaesthetics in Atlantic Salmon stress reducing capacity. Aquaculture 221:549-566.
[28]	Beyer, J. Sanduik M; Hylland, K; Fjeld, E; Egaas, E; Aas E; Skare, J. U: Goksoyu, A. (1996). Contaminant accumulation and biomarker responses in flounder (Plantichthys flesus) and Atlantic cod (Cadus morhua), exposed by caging to polluted sediments in Sotjorden, Norway, Aquat. Toxicol. 36:75-98.
[29]	Kildea, M.A. Allan, G.L. and Robert, E.K (2004). Accumulation and clearance of the anaesthetics clove oil and Aquis from the edible tissue of silver perch. Aquaculture 232:265-277.
[30]	Begum, G. (2004). Carbofuran Insecticide induced biochemical alterations in liver and muscle tisseus of fish, Clarias batrachus and recovery response. Aquatic Toxiocology 66(1):83-92.
[31]	Velisek J., and Svobodova. Z. (2004b): Anesthesia of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Acta Veterinaria Brno, (74): 139-146.
[32]	Iwama G. K. and Ackermen, P. A. (1994). Anaesthesia. Pp.1-15 In: Biochemistry and molecular biology of fishes. Vol 3(eds P.W. Hochachka and T. P. Mommsen) Amsterdam; Elserver Science B. V.
[33]	Levavi-sivan, B. and Avita, A. (2005). Sequence analysis, endocrine regulation and signal transduction of reactive cholesterol pools in mitochandria isolated from gonads of male goldfish (Carassius auratus). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 142:67-73.
[34]	Spotte, S. Bubucis, P. M. and Anderson, G. (1991). Plasma cortisol response of seawater-adapted mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) during deep MS-222 anesthesia Zool. Biol. 10:75-80.
[35]	Fereira, J. T; Shoonbee, H. J. and Smith G. L. (1984). The uptake of the anesthetic benzocaen hydrochloride by the gills and skin of three freshwater fish species. Journal of fish Biology (25)35-41.
[36]	Guo F. C. Teo L. H and Chea T. W. (1992). Effects of anaesthetics on plasma cortisol and lactic and levels in Platys (Xiphophorus maculates). Bulletin of Faculty of Science Natural University, Singapore (12):30-33.
[37]	Celik, E. S. (2004). Blood chemistry (electrolytes lipoproteins and enzymes) values black scorpion fish (Scorpaenia porcus) in the Dardaneller. Turkey J. Biological Sci. 4(6):716-719.