Physico-Chemical and Biological Characterization of Wastewater from Major Contaminating Sources at Rohtak, Haryana, India

Ravina ¹, Parveen Kumar¹ and Sunil Chhikara^2,

¹Department of Zoology, Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, India

²UIET, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India

Cite this paper:
Ravina , Parveen Kumar and Sunil Chhikara. Physico-Chemical and Biological Characterization of Wastewater from Major Contaminating Sources at Rohtak, Haryana, India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2022; 10(9):579-587. doi: 10.12691/aees-10-9-4

Abstract

To ascertain the kind of pollution at concern, it is necessary to conduct a characterization of the wastewater. This process yields a broad range of information about the nature and concentration of the pollutants that are present and must be treated. This study aims to evaluate the parameters of the water quality of the vegetable market, industrial wastewater, and domestic wastewater collected from Rohtak, Haryana. In this study, 20 physico-chemical and biological parameters were analysed for the collected water sample from these three sources. These water quality parameters were discussed with respect to measurement techniques to analyse the quality of water. Most parameters values did not satisfy the standard acceptable limits for all three samples. However, chloride and fluoride were below the standard threshold and did not pollute the water to higher extent in these three sources. The major polluting component found in the vegetable market sample was the presence of a high concentration of nitrate (110 ppm) compared to other sources (27.85, 36.71 respectively). Nitrate directly comes from excessive usage of chemical fertilizer in agriculture, which is further carried in fruits and vegetables. Another contaminating factor found in these samples was the bacterial/fungal population indicated by CFU (colony forming unit), which directly measures the quantity of microorganisms in the given wastewater. Domestic wastewater showed the highest CFU ( that could be due to pathogens being excreted in feces. This also indicated the addition of runoff from animal waste into the water sources. Industrial sources, including slaughterhouses and food industries, could also be responsible for higher CFU. Interestingly, sample 1 (vegetable market) showed a very high nitrate component compared to the other two sources. Overall, this study suggested that wastewater from all three sites required to be treated for nitrate and bacterial removal before being disposed of in to public areas.

Keywords:
wastewater physico-chemical characterization domestic and industrial effluent

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