Multivariate Statistical Interpretation and Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality for Southwestern Region of NCT Delhi, India

Nipra Sharma¹, Priyanka Kumari² and Amarjeet Kaur^2,

¹University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector -16 C, Dwarka, New Delhi – 110078, India

²Centre for Disaster Management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector -16 C, Dwarka, New Delhi – 110078, India

Cite this paper:
Nipra Sharma, Priyanka Kumari and Amarjeet Kaur. Multivariate Statistical Interpretation and Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality for Southwestern Region of NCT Delhi, India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2022; 10(8):540-550. doi: 10.12691/aees-10-8-7

Abstract

Groundwater (GW) is a major source of drinking water in many parts of the National Capital Region (NCT) Delhi including the southwest part of the city. To assess the GW quality in the study area total 52 GW samples were collected for both pre and post monsoon season for two consecutive years (2019-20) from 13 sampling locations. These samples were then analyzed for 16 physical and chemical water quality parameters including pH, Temperature, EC, Salinity, TDS, alkalinity, TH, NO₃^-, PO₄^2-, SO₄^2-, F^-, Cl^-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺. Descriptive analysis and normality check was executed before subjected to multivariate analysis. Pearson correlation explained, positively high correlation coefficient(r) for both pre and post monsoon seasons between TDS and Cl^- (r=0.97(pre) and 0.93(post)); salinity and EC(r=0.82(pre) and 0.82(post)); TDS and TH(r=0.86(pre)and 0.83(post)); Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ (r=0.80(pre) and 0.81(post)). Factor Analysis depicted TDS, alkalinity, TH, SO₄^2-, F^-, Cl^-, Ca²⁺ were significantly loaded components for both the seasons, contributing for 77.84% (pre monsoon) and 82.31% (post monsoon) of component loading respectively. Degradation of water quality is majorly due to growing population and human interventions adding to the diversity of topography and the geology. The interpolation maps generated depict high concentration of alkalinity, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) across the study area’.

Keywords:
groundwater quality Delhi principal component analysis Pearson correlation seasonal variation

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