Yousif A. Elhassaneen^1,, Asmaa Bioumy², Esraa Z. Badawy¹

This study investigated the preventive and protective effects of Gum Arabic (GA) against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in 48 rats through biochemical and histopathological assessments. Rats were assigned to a normal control, cisplatin model, preventive GA groups receiving 2%, 3%, or 4%, and therapeutic groups for 28 days. Cisplatin reduced body weight gain and feed efficiency, increased kidney weight by 39.42%, increased serum AST, ALT, and ALP by 138.18%, 133.88%, and 106.49%, respectively, and decreased albumin by 46.46%. Renal dysfunction was pronounced, with urea, creatinine, and uric acid increasing by 406.24%, 380.77%, and 114.85%, respectively. Cisplatin suppressed renal GPx, SOD, and CAT activities by 65.28%, 42.99%, and 46.98%, while MDA and protein carbonyl increased by 98.05% and 200%. GA improved the parameters, with responses observed in preventive groups and at 4% concentration. Preventive 4% GA reduced urea, creatinine, and uric acid by 54.70%, 52.00%, and 42.88%, respectively, and increased GPx, SOD, and CAT activities by 68.12%, 59.17%, and 69.55%. It reduced MDA by 32.18% and protein carbonyl by 52.71%. Hematological abnormalities were attenuated, including improvements in RBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets, while leukocyte recovery was limited. Correlations showed associations between oxidative stress and renal dysfunction, including MDA with urea (r=+0.8150) and creatinine (r=+0.7737), and inverse relationships between MDA and GPx (r=-0.8623), SOD (r=-0.8217), and CAT (r=-0.7946). Histopathology confirmed tubular necrosis, inflammation, congestion, and vacuolar degeneration in cisplatin-treated rats, whereas GA reduced lesions and promoted tubular preservation and repair. Overall, GA, particularly 4% GA, demonstrated renoprotective effects against cisplatin-induced kidney injury.

Dietary intervention, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hepatic biomarkers, antioxidant defense, renal oxidative stress, renal histology