Mahendra Pal^1,, Ravindra Zende², Tesfaye Rebuma³, Aishwarya Nair², Sônia de Avila Botton⁴

Veterinarians occupy a central position in implementing the One Health framework, which emphasizes the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health. Since over 60% of infectious diseases affecting humans and more than 75% of newly identified or re-emerging infections originate from animals, veterinarians are uniquely positioned to prevent, detect, and address health risks at the intersection of these domains. Their roles encompass more than just clinical services; they also include monitoring zoonotic diseases, ensuring food safety, fighting antimicrobial resistance, managing ecosystem health, and shaping public health policies. By collaborating with experts in fields such as medicine, environmental science, and public health, veterinarians contribute crucial knowledge in areas including epidemiology, diagnostics, biosecurity, and risk assessment. This review gathers contemporary insights into the diverse roles veterinarians fulfil within the One Health framework and highlights their significant contributions to global health security. Enhancing veterinary education, capacity, and involvement in policy-making is vital for the successful execution of One Health and for addressing pressing concerns such as emerging zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food insecurity, and health issues tied to climate change.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Disease Surveillance, Environmental Health, Food safety, One Health, Public health, Veterinarians, Zoonotic Diseases