Debkanta Ghosh^{1, 2,}, Dr. Samir Kumar Saha¹

This review paper aimed to assess the Bioaccumulation and toxicity of chromium and its toxicological effects on freshwater fishes in terms of hematological, biochemical, cytotoxic and genetical parameters. Chromium is considered as the most common pollutant in the aquatic environment. Chromium enters the aquatic environment through different industrial effluents like tanneries, textiles, dyeing, electroplating, medical industries, printing-photographic, etc. Chromium is consumed either via the respiratory system or the digestive tract. Bioaccumulation of chromium depends on several biotic and abiotic factors viz. age, species, developmental phase of the organism, temperature, pH, salinity, and alkalinity of the aquatic medium. Chromium impaired the aquatic environment due to its toxic effect on aquatic life. Different research reviews indicated toxicity of chromium in freshwater fishes at a hematological level like a decrease in hemoglobin percentage, RBC, and WBC total count. At the biochemical level, the decline in the total content of lipids and proteins was detected. At the enzyme activity level, the decline in the ROS, SOD level, etc. Chromium is also carcinogenic proved by many studies. The main objective of this review is to provide a future guideline for the scientific society involved in chromium toxicity in freshwater fish research to ensure a better environment for fish health.

chromium, toxic effect, bioaccumulation, freshwater fish