Subir Sen¹, Birbal Saha^2,

This study employs Network Analysis to examine the cognitive structure of teacher knowledge within the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework among 600 pre-service mathematics teachers in West Bengal. Utilizing the TPACK-Math Scale by Önal [1], the research explores the integration of eight knowledge domains: Content (CK), Pedagogical (PK), Technological (TK), and Contextual Knowledge (CNTK), along with their intersections. The network is remarkably dense, with a sparsity value of 0.143, indicating that 86% of theoretical relationships are empirically present. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) emerged as the primary functional hub, showing the highest closeness (1.237) and strength (1.135). Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) acts as a critical bridge (betweenness = 0.917) connecting content mastery to technology. Both TK and CNTK exhibit negative centrality, suggesting these domains remain isolated from the broader pedagogical reasoning. Furthermore, Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) forms a siloed, redundant module with exceptionally high clustering coefficients (e.g., Zhang = 2.193). A negative correlation exists between TK and PCK (-0.071), suggesting that excessive focus on pure technology can inhibit the development of situated pedagogical expertise. The PK-CK axis remains the strongest relationship (weight = 0.480), serving as the framework’s foundational ‘spine’. The study concludes that while teachers have synthesized pedagogical and technological processes, professional development must transition from general technology training to network-rebalancing approaches. Recommendations include anchoring technology use in content-specific pedagogical goals and strengthening the links between technical skills and local classroom contexts to foster a more resilient and adaptive teaching expertise.

Network, TPACK, Mathematics, Trainee Teachers, Cluster