Nebue Mpanya Marceline^1,, Kalenga Mwenzemi Jackson², Mulwani Makelele Basile³

This paper explores the challenges and perspectives of active methods in teaching, focusing on improving student learning. The main challenge lies in the effective adoption of these methods by teachers and education policymakers. Our objectives are to explore these challenges, identify barriers to their adoption, and propose strategies to overcome them. We rely on active methods such as Problem-Based Learning; Project-Based Learning; Peer Teaching; Case Method; Flipped Classroom; Guided Debates and Discussions; Role-Playing and Simulations; Brainstorming; and Learning Portfolios. Our methodology is based on documents observation, and the steps include: (i) identifying relevant documents; (ii) developing an analysis framework; (iii) comprehensive document collection; (iv) analyzing the documents to identify trends, recurring themes, and gaps. The results highlight the diversity of active pedagogical methods and underscore the specific benefits of each approach. The main challenges include student engagement, the need for preparation and assessment, and classroom management complexity. In light of the above, we suggest (a) providing institutional and professional support to help teachers effectively integrate active methods into their practice; (b) encouraging ongoing teacher training on active methods; (c) promoting future research on the impact of different methods on student learning outcomes; (d) exploring necessary adaptations of active methods to meet the specific needs of learners with disabilities.

active pedagogical methods, teaching, learning, challenges and perspectives, teacher trainin