Dr. Kiranprasad Chileveru¹, Dr. Latifa Elbanna^2,, Dr. Robinpreet Kaur³, Dr. Chandni Sodha⁴, Dr. Vattaluri Ankannagari Dishitha⁵, Dr. Riya Ashish Patel⁶, Dr. Ridhi Bhola⁷, Dr. Sandeep Singh⁷

Occupational hazards in dentistry represent a significant concern due to the diverse risks encountered in routine clinical practice. Dental professionals are exposed to multiple categories of hazards, including biological, physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors, which may adversely affect their health and professional longevity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these hazards, their prevalence, associated risk factors, and current prevention strategies within the U.S. context. Evidence from existing literature indicates that biological hazards, particularly exposure to bloodborne pathogens and aerosols, remain a persistent risk despite advancements in infection control practices. Ergonomic hazards, especially musculoskeletal disorders, are highly prevalent and affect a majority of dental professionals due to prolonged static postures and repetitive movements. Chemical exposures and physical risks, such as radiation and noise, continue to pose challenges, although they are relatively well-regulated. Additionally, psychosocial stressors, including workload pressure and burnout, are increasingly recognized as critical factors influencing both practitioner well-being and quality of care. The occurrence and severity of these hazards are influenced by individual, workplace, and procedural factors, with certain groups such as dental hygienists and assistants being at higher risk. Despite improvements in safety standards and regulatory guidelines, issues such as underreporting of occupational injuries, inconsistent compliance, and gaps in education and policy implementation persist. A comprehensive and integrated approach involving enhanced research, policy development, technological advancements, and continuous education is essential to mitigate these risks and promote a safer working environment in dentistry.

Occupational hazards, Dentistry, Musculoskeletal disorders, Infection control, Dental professionals