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Woodhams, R., Matsunaga, K., Iwabuchi, K., Kan, S., Hata, H., Kuranami, M., Watanabe, M. and Hayakawa, K, “Diffusion-weighted imaging of malignant breast tumors: the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and ADC map for the detection of malignant breast tumors and evaluation of cancer extensión”, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 29 (5). 644-649. Sep-Oct. 2005.

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Article

Decoding the Ice-Water Energy Paradox in the DW-MRI Phantom for Tumors: Targeting Thermodynamics, Kinetic and Structural Molecular Mechanisms Commentary

1Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela

2Department of Radiology, Clínica Ávila, Caracas, Venezuela


Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment. 2014, Vol. 2 No. 1, 19-21
DOI: 10.12691/jcrt-2-1-5
Copyright © 2014 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Heberto Reyes, Elizabeth Rodríguez-Santana, Jesús A. Santana-Rodríguez, Karin E. Santana-Rodríguez, Luis Santana-Blank. Decoding the Ice-Water Energy Paradox in the DW-MRI Phantom for Tumors: Targeting Thermodynamics, Kinetic and Structural Molecular Mechanisms Commentary. Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment. 2014; 2(1):19-21. doi: 10.12691/jcrt-2-1-5.

Correspondence to: Luis  Santana-Blank, Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela. Email: luissantanablank@msn.com

Abstract

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are diagnostic tools widely used to detect solid tumors and monitor therapy response. The ice-water calibration phantom has led to more accurate and reproducible DWI and ADC diagnostics by reducing intra- and inter-vendor dispersion, independent of field intensity (1.5 - 3 Tesla). The ice-water calibration phantom method is based on the idea of thermal equilibrium. The discovery of exclusion zone (EZ) may deeply change such understanding. This paper highlights how thermodynamic, structural and kinetic results of the EZ paradigm may help to explain the ice-water energy paradox and cement our understanding of the ice-water phantom and its application in the diagnosis of solid tumors and other complex diseases.

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