Solomon Evro^1,, Cooper R. Wade¹, Sara Vashaghian¹, Olusegun S. Tomomewo¹

The status quo climate change forecast was analyzed using the ENROADS software and indicates that the net GHG emissions could reach about 90 gigatons of CO₂ equivalent by 2100, and global temperatures could rise by 3.6°C. This projection will likely be worse even with moderate estimates. The factors used in the reported status quo forecasts are optimistic. From energy mix to population growth and the assumption that gas use could increase while oil declines, this scenario is limited by available gas reservoirs. There needs to be a more aggressive application of CCS to reach Net-Zero by 2050. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been identified as the leading technology that could help reduce the amount of CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere. At the same time, the search for non-fossil fuel energy sources continues. The amount of CO₂ dilution in the air stream complicates the economics of direct air capture. This research proposes two international collaborative clusters for India. Due to India's growth and use of fossil energy sources, this is necessary to manage CO₂ emissions from coal-fired plants. The results show that cluster-based CCS facilities possess great potential for the world to develop faster carbon capture and sequestration technology and deploy it faster. These cluster CCS systems will create economies of scale and integration necessary to make the CCS technology succeed to help reduce India's and global CO₂ emissions from fossil-fuel-powered electricity generation. If CCS is deployed at the proposed scale, it will reduce atmospheric CO₂ significantly, which would capture more than 250 times more than today's effort.

carbon capture and storage, emission and temperature forecast, ENROAD model, India, cluster model, net zero, collaborative policy, afforestation, fossil power plant, storage in geologic formations