Mahendra Pal^1,, Kirubel Paulos Gutama²

Monkeypox is an emerging and re-emerging viral zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus, which is considered the most important Orthopoxvirus infection since smallpox eradication. Although most cases are documented in Central and West Africa, there have been sporadic cases reported all across the world, sometimes involving travelers. Outside of Africa, the current outbreak is the largest ever. Close personal contact is how Monkeypox virus spreads. The most prevalent routes of infection for humans include respiratory, percutaneous, and permucosal exposures to infected monkeys, zoo animals, prairie dogs, and people. Flu-like symptoms (fever, fatigue, and muscular aches), swollen lymph nodes, and a rash are all commonly observed in monkeypox. The rash can develop anywhere on the body, including the face, genitals, palms, and soles of the feet. The prognosis of the disease in immunocompromised patients is poor. The techniques for the diagnosis of the disease include laboratory culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Antiviral drugs such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir, which are used to treat smallpox, can also be used for monkeypox. Ring vaccination, or targeted smallpox immunization for close contacts of an infected individual, can be used to reduce monkeypox. JYNNEOS is a non-replicating smallpox and monkeypox vaccination that is newer and safer. Other monkeypox vaccines, such as VAC6 and LC16.20, are in the development stage.

emerging and re-emerging, Monkeypox, Monkeypox virus, public health, worldwide, Zoonosis