There is a lack of understanding of the factors for optimising safety culture and climate on construction sites. Therefore, a framework that will not only provide the factors for optimizing safety culture on construction sites, but will also intrude into the components of the safe situation or environment or organization is very desirable, particularly to unmask how these factors enhances the safety culture and climate of construction sites. This work aims to fill this gap by proposing a generic framework for optimising safety culture and safety climate on construction site. In this paper, an original conceptual framework has been developed based on a rigorous analysis of the most relevant concepts of safety culture and climate that have been proposed by past studies. The outcome of this framework shows that there are factors for enhancing safety culture and climate on construction sites, and which are: developmental, operational, and strategic factors. In addition to that, the identified factors in the framework were supported by the findings of past studies.

safety climate, safety culture, safety management, construction safety