Caroline Mombaque dos Santos¹, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos^2,, Francisco Maximiliano Pancich Gallarreta², Caroline Eckerdt Schroer¹, Edson Nunes de Morais¹

PURPOSE: To report a case of fetal pleural effusion with antenatal diagnosis of congenital syphilis. CASE DESCRIPTION: Patient aged 24 years, two previous vaginal deliveries, without pre-natal exams, referred to the Fetal Medicine Unit of the University Hospital of Santa Maria due to preterm labor, without gestational age. Performed obstetric ultrasound that identifies bilateral pleural effusion without fetal hemodynamic consequences plus polyhydramnios and fetal growth consistent with 32 weeks and 3 days. Maternal syphilis diagnose and started treatment for patient and the partner. Patient had premature rupture of two days after admission membranes, evolving in 24 hours for vaginal delivery for women and newborns, Apgar 8 -10, 1834 g, which had a positive VDRL and remained hospitalized for treatment of congenital syphilis and gain weight. Pleural effusion regressed spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: pleural effusion are a complication of congenital syphilis may be part of fetal hydrops and is an unusual fetal complication of a preventable disease, an alert to public health.

Syphilis, Congenital, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Pleural effusion