@article{wjce20261421,
author={{Giang, Cao Thi Van and Hiep, Le Thi Thu and Giac, Cao Cu},
title={A Five-Step Framework for Designing Augmented Reality Laboratories in Pre-service Chemistry Teacher Education: A Case Study on Essential Oil Extraction},
journal={World Journal of Chemical Education},
volume={14},
number={2},
pages={26--35},
year={2026},
url={https://pubs.sciepub.com/wjce/14/2/1},
issn={2375-1657},
abstract={Practical training is a cornerstone in developing the professional competencies of pre-service chemistry teachers, yet traditional laboratory instruction faces persistent challenges, including high operational costs, chemical safety risks, and limited opportunities for repetitive practice. To address these barriers, this study proposes a systematic five-step framework for designing Augmented Reality (AR) laboratories specifically tailored for teacher education: (1) Pedagogical Needs and Content Analysis, (2) Scripting and 3D Modeling, (3) Technology Development and Integration, (4) Pre-deployment Alpha Testing, and (5) Pedagogical Beta Evaluation. The framework's effectiveness was validated through a pedagogical experiment conducted at a public teacher education university, involving 60 third-year pre-service chemistry teachers (<i>n</i><i> </i><i>=</i><i> </i><i>30</i> for both experimental and control groups). Focused on "Essential Oil Extraction" via steam distillation, this AR-assisted environment integrates scientific data overlays and real-time interaction systems, allowing students to visualize abstract concepts such as phase transitions and steam transport mechanisms. Experimental results indicated that students using the AR framework achieved a 15% higher improvement in practical psychomotor skills and a 10% increase in safety awareness compared to the control group. Furthermore, qualitative feedback highlighted high student satisfaction (4.5/5.0) due to the ability to practice complex procedures in a risk-free environment. These findings confirm that the proposed framework provides a robust, scalable foundation for modernizing chemistry laboratory instruction through digital transformation.},
doi={10.12691/wjce-14-2-1}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}