eng Science and Education Publishing International Journal of Physics 2333-4576 2026-10-13 14 4 77 85 10.12691/ijp-14-4-1 IJP20261441 article Said Mouigni Abdallah Saidmouigni.abdallah@ucad.edu.sn 1 Ibrahima Gueye Faye 1 Mamadou Coulibaly 1 Louis Gomis 1 Cl¨¦ment Diatta 1 Amadou Diao 2 Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Interdisciplinary Research (LPPRI), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD) Laboratory of Solar Energy, Materials and Systems, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD) This work examines the effect of electron pressure anisotropy on electromagnetic density fluctuations and the MHD stability parameter at the JET tokamak edge in the kinetic limit . Using a bi?Maxwellian equilibrium and solving the linearized gyrokinetic Vlasov equation, we derive via the Fried?Conte function. Accounting for density and magnetic field fluctuations yields. A critical anisotropy threshold is found. For (cases), the response is Landau?damped () and ranges from 0.048% (weak turbulence,) to 4.370% (average turbulence,), staying below the 5% MHD ballooning threshold. The case gives the lowest fluctuations. For , becomes negative, signalling a kinetic mirror instability. In average turbulence, , exceeding the MHD threshold and indicating a pre?ELM state. Comparison with Li?BES measurements (Réfy et al. 2018) confirms moderate?anisotropy cases, while extreme firehose () and mirror () match pre?ELM triggering under NBI and ICRH heating, respectively. https://pubs.sciepub.com/ijp/14/4/1/ijp-14-4-1.pdf Electron pressure anisotropy electromagnetic density fluctuations JET tokamak edge Bi-Maxwellian distribution Vlasov equation