Science and Education Publishing International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation & Biodegradation 2 5 2014 10 12 Effective Treatment Systems for Azo Dye Degradation: A Joint Venture between Physico-Chemical & Microbiological Process 231 242 EN M. Shah Industrial Waste Water Research Laboratory, Division of Applied & Environmental Microbiology, Enviro Technology Limited, GIDC, Ankleshwar-393002, Gujarat, India IJEBB2014254 10.12691/ijebb-2-5-4 2014 09 04 2014 10 09 2014 10 12 Practically most of the accepted physico-chemical and biological techniques have been explored for treatment of extremely recalcitrant dye wastewater; none, however, has emerged as a panacea. A single universally applicable end-of-pipe solution appears to be unrealistic, and combination of appropriate techniques is deemed imperative to devise technically and economically feasible options. An in-depth evaluation of wide range of potential hybrid technologies delineated in literature along with plausible analyses of available cost information has been furnished. In addition to underscoring the indispensability of hybrid technologies, this paper also endorses the inclusion of energy and water reuse plan within the treatment scheme, and accordingly proposes a conceptual hybrid dye wastewater treatment system.