<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<records>
<record>
<language>eng</language>
<publisher>Science and Education Publishing</publisher>
<journalTitle>American Journal of Educational Research</journalTitle>
<eissn>2327-6150</eissn>
<publicationDate>2025-03-09</publicationDate>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<startPage>102</startPage>
<endPage>110</endPage>
<doi>10.12691/education-13-3-1</doi>
<publisherRecordId>EDUCATION20251331</publisherRecordId>
<documentType>article</documentType>
<title language="eng">Digital Inclusion in Liberia¡¯s Education Sector: Review of Barriers, Policy Gaps, and Strategic Interventions</title>
<authors>
<author>
<name>Gabriel M. Kennedy</name>
<email>kennedygabrielm.23@gmail.com</email>
<affiliationId>1</affiliationId>
</author>
</authors>
<affiliationsList>
<affiliationName affiliationId="1">Center for Teacher Education Research, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing China</affiliationName>

</affiliationsList>
<abstract language="eng">The digital divide remains a significant barrier to equitable education in Liberia, disproportionately impacting students in rural and low-income areas. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted to examine the infrastructural, socio-economic, and policy-related obstacles to digital inclusion in Liberia¡¯s education sector. Furthermore, existing interventions, including the Liberia ICT Policy (2019¨C2024), the Liberia National Development Plan (2025¨C2029), and various government and private-sector initiatives were also critically examined. The review identified significant barriers to digital inclusion in Liberia¡¯s education sector. Key challenges include insufficient funding, lack of sustainability, and weak coordination, worsened by the absence of a national ICT-in-education strategy. Inadequate broadband infrastructure, high internet and device costs, unreliable electricity, and low digital literacy among educators and students further hinder access. Socio-cultural factors, including gender disparities and inadequate teacher training, also contribute to digital exclusion. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by adopting a holistic approach that integrates socio-economic and cultural dimensions, offering a more comprehensive analysis of digital inequalities in Liberia¡¯s education sector. Addressing these systemic barriers requires a multi-faceted strategy emphasizing infrastructure expansion, affordable internet access, teacher training, and gender-sensitive digital policies. Strengthening public-private partnerships and developing and implementing a national ICT-in-education framework are crucial for fostering digital literacy, enhancing learning outcomes, and promoting socio-economic mobility. By prioritizing these efforts, Liberia can narrow the digital divide and ensure that all students, regardless of their geographic or economic background, have access to quality digital education.</abstract>
<fullTextUrl format="pdf">https://pubs.sciepub.com/education/13/3/1/education-13-3-1.pdf</fullTextUrl>
<keywords language="eng"><keyword>Digital divide</keyword>
<keyword>ICT policy</keyword>
<keyword>Liberia</keyword>
<keyword>educational equity</keyword>
<keyword>digital literacy</keyword>
<keyword>public-private partnerships</keyword>
<keyword>digital inclusion</keyword>
</keywords>
</record>
</records>
