eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Software Engineering 2379-528X 2024-08-18 7 1 1 7 10.12691/ajse-7-1-1 AJSE2024711 article Cheryl Ann Alexander cheryl.alexander@techhealthsolutions.org 1 Lidong Wang 2 Institute for IT Innovation and Smart Health, Mississippi, USA Institute for Systems Engineering Research, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA New digital technologies have revolutionized the field of cybersecurity. Big data analytics, wearables, cloud computing, blockchain, Internet of Things, Internet of Medical Things, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are just a few of the new technologies. Sharing data and increasing accessibility and collaboration are critical to cybersecurity programs today. In healthcare, a risk assessment is key to guaranteeing the security and integrity of patient data including cyber-physical systems, networked equipment, supply chain management, and personal health information. In this paper, analysis and assessment of threats and cyber risks are presented. Software failures, software vulnerabilities, software updates, and outdated or unpatched software and applications are introduced. A comprehensive risk assessment for healthcare is introduced. A comprehensive risk assessment for a large medical center is presented as a case study. A critical list of cyber risks is presented according to the level of risk and how common the risk is. Software developers should consider cyber risks while designing software and applications. https://pubs.sciepub.com/ajse/7/1/1/ajse-7-1-1.pdf cybersecurity software risk assessment cyber risks Internet of things (IoT) Internet of medical things (IoMT) blockchain artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) healthcare