eng Science and Education Publishing American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2328-7357 2025-09-28 13 2 15 19 10.12691/ajeee-13-2-1 AJEEE20251321 article Ali Alzahrani 1 Mouiad Nahhas 1 Abdulaziz Alogla 1 Khalid Almghrabi 1 Nawaf Albishri 1 Ahmed M. Nahhas amnahhas@uqu.edu.sa 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia This paper presents the design and implementation of a single-axis solar tracking robot (STR) aimed at maximizing solar energy harvesting efficiency and exploring its use in off-grid electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. Unlike fixed solar panels that suffer performance losses due to the sun¡¯s movement, the STR autonomously aligns a photovoltaic panel using light-dependent resistors (LDRs) and a servo motor, while its mobility system repositions the entire unit in search of optimal sunlight. The robot was built using cost-effective components such as Arduino Uno, L298N motor driver, and DC motors, and simulated in Proteus before hardware implementation. Field testing demonstrated an efficiency gain of up to 26% compared to static panels. The results suggest that the STR provides a viable, scalable solution for renewable-powered EV charging in remote or underdeveloped areas. https://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/13/2/1/ajeee-13-2-1.pdf Solar Tracking Robot Arduino LDR Photovoltaic Mobile Robot EV Charging Renewable Energy