Physical inactivity is one of the leading causes of serious chronic disease which keeps on increasing with high rate. Physical activity plays an important role in enhancing the various physiological dimensions of growth and development in children and adolescents. Physical activity of different duration will enhance cardiovascular health, bone ossification, muscle growth and endocrine glands secretion. Data suggested that anthropometry is a key component for growth and development assessment in children and adolescent especially body mass index, which is quite effective and reliable. Without engaging the children’s in physical activity leads to increased chances of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes in future and that fastenings the attention of fitness personal and policy makers. Developing good practices early in life, will benefited in future. Hence, parents, teachers and policymakers have to plan accordingly to make their child healthy and fit. This article reviews the available literature regarding the physiological basis of growth and development of children and adolescents in relation to physical activity along with various anthropometric assessment methods.

physiological, growth, development, physical activity, children, adolescents