Mahendra Pal^1,, Tesfaye Rebuma², Temesgen Regassa³, Ravindra Zende⁴

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a major public health challenge due to its antibiotic resistance and potential for severe infections in both humans and animals. This review examines the current state of MRSA as a global health threat, emphasizing its virulence factors, transmission mechanisms, and impact on public health. MRSA's resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics confounds treatment and control efforts primarily due to the encoding of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) by the mecA gene which has a low affinity for β-lactams, resulting in resistance to the entire class of antibiotics. The ability of the bacterium to cause a spectrum of infections, from mild skin conditions to life-threatening diseases like toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, , bacteremia and , highlights its clinical significance. MRSA's spread is facilitated by its presence in healthcare settings, community environments, and livestock, with significant implications for food safety and public health. The review underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, novel treatment strategies, and effective infection control measures to combat MRSA's growing threat.

bacteremia, endocarditis, healthcare-associated infections, methicillin-resistant, public health, Staphylococcus aureus