A conjunction of different constraints (natural, anthropogenic, socioeconomic, demographic, etc.), most of which are interrelated, shapes the challenges of food availability and accessibility in the Sahel. This paper aims to explore ways of coping with these constraints and meeting the challenges. The article refers to the present configuration of both short-term and structural responses to Sahelian food insecurity. In short-term emergency action, if significant advances have been made, some recurrent shortfalls reduce its effectiveness. Regarding structural development challenges, the overall picture is a mixed one, with efforts underway on different lines but a mitigated balance of progress for now. Despite an overall trend of agricultural production growth, food deficits have continued to occur in some recent bad weather years. In parallel, chronic food insecurity, associated with poverty, is deep-rooted even after favourable harvests. A multifaceted strategy (inclusive agriculture development, social protection, demography) becomes indispensable. Such a strategy should involve more linkages and synergies between food emergency responses, resilience support to the most vulnerable and development actions.

Sahel, agriculture production, food security, social protection, demographic trends, public policies