Aaron Lerner^{1, 2,}, Carina Benzvi¹

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used as adjuvant therapy in oncology; however, they have short and long-term side effects. A major one is the surge in autoimmune diseases. The number of those conditions is continuously increasing, and recently, celiac disease was added to the list. Since celiac disease is associated with CTLA-4 polymorphism and since the disease is underdiagnosed and since the patient is at risk for various cancers, upon anti-CTRA-4 immune therapy, the loss of function of the CTLA-4 protein can predispose them to overt celiac disease. The present review highlights some potential mechanisms for CTLA-4 dysfunction, putting the patients at risk of celiac disease induction.

checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapy, cancer, CTLA-4, polymorphism, celiac disease, pathophysiology