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Macedo PA, Peterson RKD, Davis RS. Risk assessments for exposure of deployed military personnel to insecticides and personal protective measures used for disease-vector management. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007; 70: 1758-1771.

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Groundwater in Terms of Water Quality Index (WQI) for Urban Areas of Agra, North India

1Department of Applied Sciences, Anand Engineering College, Agra, India

2Mathemitics Department, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior, India

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anand Engineering College, Agra, India

4Department of Petroleum Studies, Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

5Louis Berger International A WSP Company, Gurugram, India

6Department of Civil Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India

7Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India


Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2022, Vol. 10 No. 6, 409-416
DOI: 10.12691/aees-10-6-11
Copyright © 2022 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Shahjad Ali, Rajesh Kumar Deolia, Shailendra Singh, Hamid Ali, Mohammad Akhtar, Raisul Islam. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Groundwater in Terms of Water Quality Index (WQI) for Urban Areas of Agra, North India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2022; 10(6):409-416. doi: 10.12691/aees-10-6-11.

Correspondence to: Shahjad  Ali, Department of Applied Sciences, Anand Engineering College, Agra, India. Email: alishahzad75@gmail.com

Abstract

The object of the present research is to inspect the underground water quality for urban areas of Agra, India by water quality index. Sampling was taken from 70 various spatially dispersed locations. Piper and Schoeller diagrams were designed to discover the numerous ions and its constituent present in the present research area. Twelve Physicochemical parameters such as F− (Fluorite), pH (Hydrogen ion concentration), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), Alkalinity, Cl− (chloride), Ca2+ (Calcium), Mg2+ (Magnesium), ions of Na+ (sodium), K+ (Potassium), NO3- (Nitrate), SO42- (Sulfate) and TH (Hardness) calculated at 70 groundwater samples from 14 locations of Agra for over a month. We found that more than 64% of samples collected were in lies unfit water category, 21.42% of samples lie in the poor category, 14.28% extremely poor category of water and no water was found in the good and excellent category. The study revealed that more than 99% of samples were not fit for drinking water and other purposes. The percentage distribution was delineated through the pie chart. The water quality index (WQI) ranges from 50.01 to 130.62. Thus, there is a need for some treatment before usage, and required to protect that area from health hazards.

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