Mohd Abass Dar^1,, Garima Charak¹, Suman Bala¹, Sudhanshu Shekhar¹, Muneeb Qadir¹

An eminently transmissible and dead-dealing pathogenic coronavirus come to light in late 2019, which was known as Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) and has caused a lethal pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘Coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which menace human health and public safety. Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that are phenotypically and genotypically myriad. In this Review, we light on the the basic virological concept of SARS-CoV-2, including genomic attributes and receptor use, highlighting its role key variance from previously known coronaviruses. The virus spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. The global impact of this new epidemic is yet uncertain. CoV can lead to a range of conditions as mild as the common cold, fever and cough and as severe as pneumonia, respiratory distress kidney failure or even death. These viruses are zoonotic, that is, they are transmitted between animals and humans. A couple of coronaviruses were previously identified: MERS-CoV, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome and was transmitted from dromedary camels to humans, and SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and was transmitted from civet cats to humans. COVID-19 is believed to have been transmitted zoonotically, in a wet market in Wuhan where game animals and meat were sold. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with seven U.S. health care systems and research centers with integrated medical, laboratory, and vaccination records, established the VISION Network to assess the effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines with respect to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated hospitalizations, ICU admissions, or visits to emergency departments or urgent care clinics from January 1 through June 22, 2021. We searched PubMed, LitCovid, and MedRxiv using the search terms coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, 2019- nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 for studies published from January 1, 2002, to November 23, 2021, and the references of select articles for additional relevant articles searched manually also. Ongoing or completed clinical trials were identified using the disease search term coronavirus infection on ClinicalTrials.gov, the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We selected articles relevant and in close approach to a systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, general medicine readership, and prioritizing randomized clinical trials.

Covid-19, SARS-CoV-19, MERS-CoV, REVIEW, CDC, CoV