Ahmed Mahmoudaalsaeed Alahdal^1,, Fadwa Mabkhoot Alnahdi², Najat Hussain Islami², Tahani Mubarak Alharbi³, Nader Abbas Gazzaz⁴, Shaly Mohammed Aljedaani⁵, Hadeel Ahmed Alsubhi⁶, Raghda Sami Hassan H. Alhazmi⁷, Ahmad Ameen Ahmad Baghdadi⁸

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over 350 million people worldwide. Also, another one billion people in the world are pre-diabetic, who may eventually end up with full- blown diabetes. The disorder is rapidly increasing out of proportion in both developed and developing countries, especially T2DM, which is associated with modern lifestyle habits such as reduced physical activity, diet, obesity and genetic factors. If left untreated, DM can lead to a number of diseases and long-term complications leading subsequently to death. In Saudi Arabia national healthcare burden because of diabetes is likely to exceed $0.87 billion; it omits the indirect costs associated with diabetes, such as absenteeism, loss of productivity from disease-related complications, unemployment due to disability and early mortality by disease. Complications of diabetes mellitus include problems that develop rapidly (acute) or over time (chronic) and may affect many organ systems. The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Aim of the study: To assess the level of knowledge regarding complications of diabetes mellitus and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients. Method: cross sectional descriptive study conducted at among Patients with diabetes mellitus in the Diabetic Center in Al-Noor Hospital, 2020. The Sample size of diabetic patients attending in the Diabetic Center. Our total participants were (300). Results: most of the participants (26.6%) were in the age group 45-50 years the majority of them were males (81.2%), most of participants married were (81.2%), occupation the majority of participant are working were (78.0%). Knowledge of the participant toward diabetes and Practices average (43.2%, 43.8%) while attitude the majority of participant in negative attitude (93.2%), that is a significant relation between knowledge and demographic data regarding age, gender and duration of diabetes mellitus P-value=<0.001. A significant relation between practices and demographic data regarding age, marital status and duration P-value=<0.001. A significant relation between attitude and demographic data regarding age, gender and duration of diabetes mellitus P-value=<0.001. Conclusion: Chronic complications of DM are caused largely by HG-induced cellular and molecular impairment of neural and vascular structure and function. HG-induced oxidative stress is a major contributor in the development of long-term complications of DM. DM-induced neuropathy and angiopathy, in turn, may lead to the dysfunction of cells, tissues and organ systems.

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