Musculoskeletal damage is a major health-related problem in working groups as well as in growing age population throughout the world. Due to the inefficiency of the current surgical treatment, Regenerative Medicine has recently grasped the attention of scientists. Tissue-engineering and cell-based therapies, two prominent branches of Regenerative Medicine, are considered as the most suitable techniques to repair the tissue damage. However, a huge number of autologous cells are required to address these practices. Since only small numbers of cells are obtainable from the patient, it requires expansion of cells in vitro. Nevertheless, these primary cells grow slowly in vitro and lose their general characteristics during prolonged culturing period. It has been shown through this thesis that several exogenous factors, which can be classified as physical, chemical, biological and culture-environmental, can modulate the culture parameters effectively. These can, therefore, support in promoting higher proliferation rate and also in maintaining the desired characteristics after the culturing period.

exogenous factors, clinical graded cell-proliferation, osteoblast proliferation, induced cell proliferation, biosafety of culture medium