Sound teeth constitute the main component of esthetic smile. Lesions affect the facial aspect of the teeth have their drawbacks on the individual psychological status. Abfraction affects the gingival third of the teeth on the facial surface. It mainly affects premolars and anterior teeth. Bacteria have no role in abfraction, so it may affect individuals with good oral hygiene. The aim of this review is to throw lights on the etiological causes of this lesion and possible treatment modalities. Overview: Many hypotheses describe the possible etiology of abfraction. Tooth flexure hypothesis is the most accepted one. This hypothesis assumed the occlusal load as the causative factor for abfraction as the occlusal stress concentrates at the thin enamel of the gingival third of the tooth, so enamel fractures leading to formation of wedge-shape cervical defect. This hypothesis is confirmed by the result of finite element analysis studies. Other hypothesis suggested abrasion due to tooth paste as the causative factor of this lesion, while other one suggested the erosive potential of acidic drinks. Most researchers believe that it is multifactorial disease. Many materials have been used to restore this defect. These materials include composite resin, glass ionomer, resin modified glass ionomer, direct gold, amalgam, and full coverage restoration. Each one of these materials has its advantages and disadvantages and the dental practitioner has to decide which one is more suitable for the specific condition of the patient. Conclusion: The real cause for its development is controversial till now. The choice among available restorative materials depend a great extent on the patient esthetic demand. Further study of this lesion is required.

abfraction, abrasion, erosion, non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL)