Ahmed M. Kabel^{1, 2,}, Nourah Alqahtani³, Rawan Alshehri³, Aminah Altalhi³, Bashair Alqurashi³

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common bone malignancy that occurs frequently in older persons. It is the second most common blood cancer in which the patient usually presents with bone pain, nausea, malaise, anemia, renal insufficiency and hypocalcaemia. There is a wide variety of risk factors that may predispose to MM. It is usually discovered on routine laboratory investigations and usually diagnosed with serum or urine protein electrophoresis or immunofixation and bone marrow aspirate analysis. MM often has bad prognosis, although advances in therapy resulted in significant improvement in the overall survival rate. This review sheds light on the incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, the methods of diagnosis, prognosis and the possible lines of management of MM.

multiple myeloma, risk factors, diagnosis, management, perspectives