Using an integrated biopsychosocial approach, this paper examines the influences of physical ability, mental and emotional aspects, and the influences of home, school, and culture on the talent development of the elite athlete. The paper will also go beyond characteristics of individual Olympians to discuss how athletic performance can be enhanced through executive coaching, cognitive behavioral therapy, attention to aspects of health psychology, instruction, and neuropsychological interventions. A final section will address issues association with underperformance. The primary focus of the paper will be on Summer Olympians from the U.S., although similar examples could be provided from throughout the full range of countries competing in the Games.

Olympic athletes, talent development, talent enhancement