Article citationsMore >>

Johnson KC, Miller AB, Collishaw NE, Palmer JR, Hammond SK, Salmon AG, et al., 2011. Active smoking and secondhand smoke increase breast cancer risk: the report of the Canadian Expert Panel on Tobacco Smoke and Breast Cancer Risk (2009).Tobacco control 20 (1): e2.

has been cited by the following article:

Article

Breast Cancer: Insights into Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management

1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt


Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment. 2015, Vol. 3 No. 2, 28-33
DOI: 10.12691/jcrt-3-2-3
Copyright © 2015 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Ahmed M. Kabel, Fahad H. Baali. Breast Cancer: Insights into Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management. Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment. 2015; 3(2):28-33. doi: 10.12691/jcrt-3-2-3.

Correspondence to: Ahmed  M. Kabel, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Email: drakabel@gmail.com

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in females worldwide. It usually presents with a lump in the breast with or without other manifestations. Diagnosis of breast cancer depends on physical examination, mammographic findings and biopsy results. Treatment of breast cancer depends on the stage of the disease. Lines of treatment include mainly surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Other lines including immunotherapy, thermochemotherapy and alternative medicine may represent a hope for breast cancer patients.

Keywords