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American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
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Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

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BriefTrends: Depression, Physical Activity (PA), and Overweight Status by Sex in U.S. Adults, 2017-2020

Peter D. Hart

Health Promotion Research, Havre, Montana, USA

Abstract: This BriefTrends highlights the sex differences in the physical activity (PA), overweight status, and depression relationship in U.S. adults.

Keywords: physical activity, overweight, depression, NHANES

Received February 12, 2022; Revised March 17, 2022; Accepted March 25, 2022

Citation: Peter D. Hart, BriefTrends: Depression, Physical Activity (PA), and Overweight Status by Sex in U.S. Adults, 2017-2020. Journal of Physical Activity Research, 7 (1). 66-67. January 2022. doi:10.12691/jpar-7-1-9

1. Introduction

To examine the moderating effect of sex on the physical activity (PA), body weight, and depression relationship in adults.

2. Data Source

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March to Pre-Pandemic 2020.

3. Population

United States (U.S.) adults 20+ years of age.

4. Variables

1) Meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines (150+ minutes of recreational PA per week vs. < 150 minutes of recreational PA per week), 2) Overweight status (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² vs. BMI < 25 kg/m²), 3) Depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 vs. PHQ-9 <10), and 4) Sex (male vs. female).

5. Analysis

Crosstabulations stratified by sex of PA, overweight status, and depression status with Rao-Scott chi-square test of independence (χ²RS), odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To formally test for the sex moderation effect, a multiple logistic regression model predicting depression was run with a sex-by-PA-by-overweight interaction. SAS Survey procedures were used, version 9.4.

Figure 1. Prevalence of depression by physical activity (PA) and overweight status in U.S. female adults, 2017-2020

Figure 2. Prevalence of depression by physical activity (PA) and overweight status in U.S. male adults, 2017-2020

6. Findings

Overall, prevalence of depression was 8.5% (95% CI: 7.48-9.42) with no significant differences across overweight status. Prevalence of depression was 5.2% (95% CI: 3.96-6.47) and 10.6% (95% CI: 9.45-11.66) for those meeting and not meeting PA guidelines, respectively (χ²RS = 46.0, p < .0001). Multiple logistic regression model predicting depression showed a significant (p = .0330) sex-by-PA-by-overweight interaction. Most noteworthy, PA appears to have a protective effect against depression in non-overweight females (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.09-0.47) (Figure 1) and in overweight males (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23-0.65) (Figure 2).

References

[1]   | Chen TC, Clark J, Riddles MK, Mohadjer LK, Fakhouri THI. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2018: Sample design and estimation procedures. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(184). 2020.
[2]   | Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2012 Feb 21; 184(3): E191-6.
[3]   | Hart, PD. Association of Joint Body Weight Profile and Physical Activity with Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Montana Adults. Journal of Physical Activity Research, vol. 6, no. 2 (2021): 101-104.
[4]   | SAS Institute Inc. 2015. SAS/STAT® 14.1 User’s Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.