Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

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Label_Title

Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

We are pleased to announce that submissions are now being accepted for peer review for all the journals across all our subject areas in SciEP.

Please submit your manuscript via our online submission system:
http://www.sciepub.com/author/signin

To unsubscribe from our mailing list, please click on the following link: unsubscribe

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Kind regards,

David Rain
Email:join@sciepub.com
Science and Education Publishing (http://www.sciepub.com)

Label_Title

Dear Label_Name,

Greetings! I hope you are well.

I am writing on behalf of an international publishing house, Science and Education Publishing, USA (http://www.sciepub.com).

Science and Education Publishing (SciEP) is a multidisciplinary open access publisher of Journals covering the fields of Science, Technology and Medicine. All SciEP publications are subject to high-quality peer review, editorial and production processes and are freely available online.

Welcome to the April, 2013 edition of SciEP newsletter, providing monthly summaries of articles on science & education related topics of interest to scientist and professionals. The mission of our journals is to provide an open access forum for publishing new findings on issues pertinent to scientific and academic field. We also invite you to submit original research papers, review articles, short reports, or case studies are considered for publication in our Multidisciplinary Journals.

American Journal of Public Health Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-1-1-3

The Implementation of a Tele-Homecare System with Service Oriented Architecture and HL7 Message Transmission Standard
Ching-Sung Wang

American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
DOI: 10.12691/ajmbr-1-1-2

The Influence of Ethanol on Pyruvate Kinases Activity in Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico
Lelevich Sergey Vladimirovich, Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich, Barkovsky Eugene Victorovich, Shedogubova Tatyana Aleksandrovna

American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-1-1-1

Clinical and Histological Features in Wegener Granulomatosis
Li Cavoli Gioacchino, Passantino Rita, Bono Luisa, Tortorici Calogera, Ferrantelli Angelo, Giammarresi Carlo, Rotolo Ugo

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-2

The Curse of Lymphatic Filariasis: Would the Continual Use of Diethylcarbamazine Eliminate this Scourge in Papua New Guinea?
Anne Lanham, Lillian Mwanri

We have released issues of some journals on February 2013.
American Journal of Public Health Research
American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
American Journal of Medical and Biological Research
American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
American Journal of Nursing Research
American Journal of Cancer Prevention
American Journal of Medicine Studies
American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
American Journal of Biomedical Research
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine
American Journal of Food and Nutrition
American Journal of Hypertension Research
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment
American Journal of Zoological Research
Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
American Journal of Microbiological Research
Biomedical Science and Engineering

We are pleased to announce that submissions are now being accepted for peer review for all the journals across all our subject areas in SciEP.

Please submit your manuscript via our online submission system:
http://www.sciepub.com/author/signin

To unsubscribe from our mailing list, please click on the following link: unsubscribe

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Kind regards,

David Rain
Email:join@sciepub.com
Science and Education Publishing (http://www.sciepub.com)

Faculty Involvement and Organizational Support in Research of a Philippine State College

Jocel Cagas – Chan

Institute of Teacher Education, Camiguin Polytechnic State College, Camiguin, Philippines

Abstract: This paper aimed to examine the extent of faculty involvement and organizational support in research. Moreover, it sought to investigate the challenges encountered in research involvement among faculty of the college. The study used a descriptive method utilizing both the quantitative and qualitative techniques of data collection. The quantitative technique was done through a Likert scale survey questionnaire while the qualitative technique was in the form of an interview. The significant findings of the study showed that the personal background of the faculty in terms of educational attainment, rank, gender, and several pieces of research conducted, presented, and published in local, national, and international greatly influenced the extent of faculty involvement in research. The result disclosed that the majority of the respondents were "less involved" in the research activities in the college, while the school administration was "less supportive" towards faculty research. Faculty members of the college had encountered various challenges such as lack of motivation from the school, lack of research skills, limited facilities and lack of resources, lack of time, lack of funding and organizational support such as lack of incentives and financial support, unresponsiveness of the respondents and the distance between researcher and respondents. A supportive environment would help faculty-researcher boost their confidence and become motivated to get involved in the research. Therefore, providing enough support to faculty research would help increase their active participation. No significant relationship between organizational support and the extent of faculty involvement was reported; thus, further study is recommended to determine the other factors that affect the extent of faculty involvement in research. Genuine care and support from the organization towards faculty researches build a high performance research culture and productivity.

Keywords: publish, instruction, challenges, motivation

Received February 02, 2021; Revised March 05, 2021; Accepted March 14, 2021

Citation: Jocel Cagas – Chan, Faculty Involvement and Organizational Support in Research of a Philippine State College. Journal of Innovations in Teaching and Learning, 1 (1). 10-18. January 2021. doi:10.12691/jitl-1-1-3

1. Introduction

The Philippine’s Commission on Higher Education mandates the interplay of the three functions of an institution (CHED, 2009). It includes instruction, research, and community extension. Therefore, the role of the faculty members in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) includes teaching, generating, and disseminating knowledge through journal publication and community extension programs [2]. Through the accreditation process leveling of the college is rated higher based on the standards of the accrediting bodies which are higher than those set by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and other appropriate agencies like the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Research plays an important role in college accreditation. Sansone & Harackiewicz [3] stated Maslow and Herzberg's motivational theory as the basis of this study. According to this theory, when individuals do not fulfill their perceived need, they would look for alternatives to satisfy the need. Teachers may have some individual needs that need to be met to motivate them to conduct research. Moreover, Fairweather [4] emphasized that most faculty members are expected to be productive in research, teaching, and service.

Faculty encountered these challenges such as lack of funding, limited resources found in the library, inadequate time, and lack of organizational support. Sometimes people are motivated to act because of some internal desires and are driven by a desire for external rewards [5]. According to Sincero [6], the incentive theory of motivation explained that actions are often inspired by a desire to gain outside reinforcement; this theory suggests that the behavior of a person in a certain action is motivated by a desire for reinforcement or incentives.

Thus, the main objective of this research was to examine the extent of faculty involvement and organizational support in research in State College. It sought to answer the following questions: (1) What is the demographic profile of the respondents according to educational attainment, gender, rank, institute, length of teaching service, teaching load, number of researches presented in local, national and international, number of researches conducted in local, national and international and number of researches published in local, national and international; (2) What is the extent of faculty involvement in research; (3) What is the extent of organizational support in the research provided by the administration; (4) Is there a significant difference between the extent of faculty involvement in research according to profile; (5) Is there a significant relationship between the extent of faculty involvement in research and organizational support; (6) What are the challenges encountered among faculty in research involvement?.

2. Methodology

This study employed a mixed-method with a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches to generating more comprehensive evidence on the study [7]. The study was conducted in State College and had sixty – four (64) faculty members, Agriculture has ten (10), Arts and Sciences has sixteen (16), Education has eighteen (18), engineering and Computer Studies has eight (8) and Technology has twelve (12) respondents. The study employed purposive sampling for the survey questionnaire which gave all faculty members of the college an equal chance of being included of the respondents of the study. Random sampling was used in selecting the respondents for the interview and there were fifteen (15) faculty members that represented the population who were chosen to be part of the interview were selected randomly. Faculty members who worked on the second semester, from October 2017 until April 2018, participated in the survey. Finally, the study was conducted on February 2, 2018. The questionnaire was adapted from the study of Mahilum [1]. .The pilot test was conducted among thirty (30) faculty members of a private College and the research instrument for the survey was tested for reliability test utilizing Cronbach alpha yielding to 0.96 which indicated very high reliability of the instrument. Then, the researcher sent the letter to the College President informing the desire of conducting the study on the college and upon the approval of the College President, another letter of request to conduct the study was given to the Vice President of Academic Affairs and forwarded to the different Deans of the Institutes. The data gathered were stored for a certain duration until the study was presented, defended, and published.

For problem number 1, frequency count and percentage utilizing Minitab v.18 were the statistical tools used to determine the demographic profile of the respondents. For problem number two and three, weighted arithmetic mean was used to get the average and the total mean of the extent of organizational support to faculty research and extent of faculty research involvement using Microsoft excel. For problem number four, the T-Test was used to determine the significant difference of gender among respondents. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the significant difference of the faculty involvement in research when grouped according to profile except for the gender of the respondents and to predict which from among the independent variables has a significant difference to the dependent variable. Also, to find out if the null hypothesis was rejected, a Tukey's test was performed to determine where the significant difference lied among variables. For problem number five, Pearson Product - Moment Correlation was used to find the degree of the correlation and to test the significant relationship between the extent of organizational support and the extent of faculty research involvement. Finally, thematic analysis was used for problem number six which was to determine the total number of responses with the specific problem, and answers were arranged according to the theme for their responses.

3. Results and Discussion

Table 1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents according to their profiles.

Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Profile

3.1. Demographic Profile of the Faculty

Master's degree got the highest percentage as to the educational attainment of the respondents. Civil Service Commission Memorandum Circular No.10 series of 2012 stated the education requirement for faculty positions in State Universities and Colleges (SUC’s) and Local Universities and Colleges (LUC's) [18]. The said memo pointed out that a Master's degree in the area of specialization or its allied courses based on the CHED Memorandum Orders (CMO) on the policies, standards, and guidelines of the subject courses was the minimum qualifications for hiring faculty ranks such as Instructor 1 to III and Assistant Professor 1 to 1V [18].

As to Gender, the data inferred that there were more female faculty members of the college compared to males but it does not affect their does not give a gap between female and male faculty. This further implies that the present rank file associate professor has the least number of faculty members in the college. Based on the National Budget Circular No. 461, stated the general guidelines number seven in the implementing guidelines for NCC for the upgrading and /or promotion to the rank of Associate Professor 1 to V, a faculty candidate should satisfy the CCE points corresponding to the rank/sub rank plus qualitative contributions in at least two (2) of the four functional areas, namely, instruction, research, extension, and production [19].

The Institute of Education had the highest number of faculty members because some of them are teaching across the disciplines of the general education subjects. Furthermore, the highest frequency on length of teaching service falls below 6 years of newly hired faculty in the college. Length of teaching service between 26-30 years got the least percentage because some of them retired already and for those who served between 11-15 years got also the least percentage because some of the faculty members migrated to other countries, landing for other jobs and some retired already in their post at CPSC.

The majority of the faculty has the maximum teaching load and required to report 40 hours per week by Civil Service Commission. This implies that teachers had no time to conduct research but eventually even for the hectic schedules some of the faculties had conducted and presented their research in both local and regional fora and conferences for research.

Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Number and level of Researches Presented

Table 2 implies that faculty who presented a greater number of researches in different fora and conferences were promoted to higher rank through NBC Cycle 461 because there are higher points in this aspect especially if their work were already published [19].Presenting on the local has the highest frequency of thirty (30) because, during the local fora, it was free of registration, and it was only done in the college as In- House Review. Some of the faculty conducted research but did not present their research at any level. National and international presentation got the lowest percentage due to an expensive registration and traveling expenses hinder the eagerness of the faculty to present their research since the school has to earn a low income from the tuition fees from the students.

Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Number and Scope of Researches conducted

Some of the faculty members were very interested to undergo research but due to the financial status of the school since school has limited income from low tuition fees. Some of the faculty members spent their own money while others asked for financial assistance from other agencies. Some of the researches of the faculty of the college were funded by other agencies such as DOST, DA and DENR and also some private institution. Despite hectic schedules, some faculty members served as thesis advisers in a way that they could also help students and at the same could gain points for NBC 461 evaluation to be promoted to the higher rank.

Table 4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Number and Category of Researches Published

Proof also was indicated that those who published researches were also the ones who are knowledgeable in research publication. This implies that only one faculty had published the research in an international journal. There are some faculty members who are willing to publish their researches local, national, and international, but the budget of the administration does not warrant for the said purpose due to the meager income of the college.

3.2. Extent of Involvement of the Faculty Members

Table 5. Respondents’ Extent of Faculty Involvement in Research

Data also reveals that the extent of faculty involvement in the indicators such as “I participated in research proposal making in our institute” with a mean score of 2.40, “I applied the research finding on my classroom instruction” with a mean score equal to 2.21, these indicators were labeled “less involved”. This means that the extent of faculty involvement in research on the following indicators was less involved due to some circumstances that affect their involvement in research. According to an interviewee, faculty was 'less involved' in this particular research activity because some of the faculty members in the institute were not interested in research especially those who are contractual faculty and some were already retired. They think of research as a waste of time especially that they were having an overload. Some of them think that they don't need the points anymore for rank promotion because they are going to retire soon. Since the school has minimal income both miscellaneous and tuition fees from the students, the school cannot afford to sustain all the research proposals submitted by the faculty members. That is why some of the research proposals would remain proposal until such time that the budget warrants. According to an interviewee, faculty members were “less involved” in research proposal making because of lack of time. Some faculty members were having a maximum number of teaching loads, others also had their designation and they were not deloaded because they were contractual especially in the satellite campus. Others were deloaded because of their designation for administrative functions.

On the other hand, an indicator “I applied the research finding on my classroom instruction’ with a mean equal to 2.21 interpreted as “less involved”. Faculty were 'less involved" in this activity because some of the researchers were just until research proposals. This implies that some of the faculty members did not apply the significant findings of their research. Results of their study were not put into practice. Some of their researches were just until bookbinding and filing and they would not disseminate to the research locale. At some point, faculty members would not apply the results of the study if the researcher failed to disseminate the results.

3.3. Extent of Organizational Support on Faculty Research Provided by the College Administration

Data shows that out of fifteen (15) indicators, only one (1) indicator on the extent of organizational support on faculty research provided by the college administration, “The school administration provided travel allowances for faculty attending a seminar or training related to research" obtained a mean score of 2.51 interpreted as "moderately supportive". This implies that the school supported the professional development of their faculty by sending them to seminars and training. However, the supports provided by the college administration in terms of providing travel allowances was not to the highest extent as perceived by the faculties. This happened because the school cannot send the entire faculty to training and seminars regarding research due to the unavailability of funds. Since the school has minimal income compared to other states, colleges, and universities. In this case, whenever there are training and seminars held outside the province only a few were chosen to attend the seminars. According to an interviewee, some of them who attend seminars and training will have to spend first and refunded when the funds are available. Others who are interested and fit for the training and seminars will no longer attend since they have to spend first their own money and waited a couple of months for reimbursement. Others also spent their own money just to attend the seminar because through this they could gain points for NBC 461 Evaluation and be promoted to a higher rank [19]. Faculty members who attended seminars and training gave re-echo to their co-faculty to update them on the latest trends of research.

Table 6. The extent of Organizational Support on Faculty Research provided by the College Administration

Another indicator on the extent of organizational support in research was "The school administration gave incentives for the In- House Review presenter " obtained a mean score of 2.50 perceived as "less supportive" and also " Incentive was awarded to faculty – a researcher who won as Best paper presenter during In – House Review" interpreted also as "less supportive". The following indicators on the extent of organizational support in the research were perceived as "less supportive" by the faculty members in their research undertaking. Thus, supports provided by the school on the following activities were very low. Presenters of the In-House Review were encouraged by the college administration by giving awards and recognition after the presentation. Also, monetary incentives were given but not that much due to the minimal income of the college from the tuition fees of the students and CPSC is one of the SUC which has the lowest tuition fee. In this regard, most of the faculty members are not encouraged and motivated to present during In-House Review in the college.

Having the mean score of 1.42, "The school administration provided software such as plagiarism detector and grammar check for checking the originality of works and grammar for the research works. " interpreted as "not supportive”. Plagiarism detector and grammar check are software which is commonly used by some state, colleges, and universities for their research works. This would help them check the originality and grammar of their researches. The absence of the aforementioned software would cause the delay of the researchers in their eagerness for journal publication. Since the college does not have the software, some teachers had to pay a certain amount in some universities where software is available. On the contrary, the school does not prioritize this software due to the minimal income of the college and some other priorities of the college such as building additional rooms and some facilities. The school also does not support putting up the said software in the research and extension office because the software mentioned above was quite expensive and it also needs a high-speed internet connection. "The school administration provided free statistical services such as SPSS and other software that would help a researcher in quantifying and interpret results" obtained a mean score of 1.50 interpreted as "not supportive". On the contrary, some researchers also seek help from their colleagues and let them do the statistics but since the statistician from the college has various tasks to do, others will refuse and others cannot accommodate them all. The school cannot afford the said software because it was quite expensive, since the college has only low tuition fee and minimal income and there are some other priorities aside from research that also needs money, thus, it caused the delay of putting up all the needed software and facilities for faculty research. Poor schools often get less money in state funds and grants than do wealthy schools.

3.4. Test Difference in the Extent of Involvement of the Faculty when Grouped according to Profile

The following were used to answer problem no.4.

T-test was used in determining the difference between the two samples. One–way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to determine which of the variables have the difference between their means the significant lies. This tool was used to see the difference in the extent of faculty involvement in research when grouped according to profile.

3.5. Educational Attainment

Most Ph.D. holders were doing well in research because of aiming a professorial item from research involvement. Educators with a Ph.D. degree were more productive and these results in their greater involvement. According to Wa-Mbaleka [8] stated that faculty positions in higher education are based on the candidate’s educational background and achievement and their teaching experience. A rare study of the effect on the research output of having a Ph.D. [9] as cited by Naser–Abu Alhija and Majdob [10], who reported that academic economists without a Ph.D. were likely to be engaged in research (83% had no publications). Similarly, educators with a Ph.D. degree are expected to be more research–skilled and productive than those with only Master's degrees and Bachelor's degrees.

3.6. Gender

The male group demonstrated active involvement in research activities. However, it was found out that the male group who participated in the presentation and publication of research was the same person who was also involved in some research activities compared to the female group. Furthermore, data also explains that the majority of the respondents who were involved in research activities were female participants by the newly hired faculty, contractual and permanent faculty members. According to Sansone & Harackiewicz [3], gender differences affect the skills and traits people find fascinating or personally relevant.

Table 7. Summary of Test Statistics (ANOVA) according to profiles

3.7. Rank

In the college, most teachers with an Associate Professor position are Ph.D. degree holders and others were Master's degree holders with Ph.D. degree units. This implies since they obtained already a higher degree compared to Assistant Professor and Instructor's rank, these teachers were capable of doing research, more knowledgeable, and are more research – skilled and productive than those with only a master's degree or bachelor's degree. They are also found to be more involved in networks to promote publications and are more likely to have research resources that facilitate publishing. They are also mostly awarded external grants, which are regarded as one of the best predictors of productivity [11].

3.8. Institute

The result supports the evidence that all faculty members, regardless of the institution they belong to, are involved in the research. Although different institutes have various disciplines of studies, each faculty of the institute, both permanent and contractual, was engaged in research activities. All faculty members were informed of the benefits they will acquire in actively participating in all research activities.

The influence of valuing across disciplines influenced research-related issues of design and practice, such as collaborations [12]. This influence of valuing caused the faculty members to focus their energies.

3.9. Length of Teaching Service

The finding indicates that there is no difference in the extent of faculty involvement in research when grouped according to the length of teaching service. Kotrlik, et al. [13] found that work experience is a significant factor of research productivity in terms of quantity and quality. Hedjazi & Behravan [14] believed that teachers who served long years of teaching, tend to possess research skills. They are more likely to know about acquiring assistance and resources.

3.10. Teaching Load

This implies that there was no significant difference in the extent of faculty involvement in research concerning their teaching load. Faculty members who were handling units ranging from below 5 units to 21 units above performed parallel, whether they were handling heavier loads or lesser units of the teaching load. This means that having heavier loads or lesser loads does not affect their performance in research.

3.11. Number of Researches Presented

This implies that faculty members who presented 3 and above researches in fora and conferences signify active involvement in research compared to the faculty members who presented once or twice. The more they presented their studies, the higher the extent of research involvement compared to other faculty members who presented a minimal number of researches and also for those who have not presented at all. Faculty who presented their studies in fora and conferences received a minimal amount of monetary incentive, awards, and recognition. Faculty members who presented a large number of researches in a presentation gained more points during NBC 461 evaluation implementation [19]. Therefore, incentives gained from the presentation motivated them to get involved in the research presentation.

3.12. Level of Researches Presented

This implies that the extent of faculty involvement according to the level of researches presented is seen in the presentation of research studies at the national level. Many faculty members presented at the local level because of the free registration and fewer expenses. However, despite the free registration and the minimal amount shouldered by the school administration during the local presentation, some faculty members find ways to attend conferences outside the province, somewhere in Luzon and Visayas to present their studies. Others were paid by the school administration in their travel allowances and registration while some of the faculties spent their own money just to present their studies at the national level.

3.13. Number of Researches Conducted

Faculty who conducted 3 and above researches are quite greater compared to others who conducted only 1-2 researches for the last five years. It was found out that faculties involved in conducting 3 and above researches were known to be more knowledgeable, competent, and capable of research. Their proficiency in research motivates them to conduct more research. Faculties conducted 3 and more researches shown passion and love in research in which whatever the obstacles they encountered during research undertaking they had their optimism which is measured through their achievements from research involvement.

3.14. Scope of Researches Conducted

This implies that those who conducted on a national level signify the extent of involvement in research compared to those who have not involved in conducting research. Scope of researches conducted affects the extent of their involvement because conducting researches indicated involvement in research. Faculty involvement in research means to expand the teacher's role as inquirer about teaching and learning through scholastic work. This is because the more you published means the more researches are being presented and therefore they're also a greater number of researches conducted.

3.15. Category of Researches published

Consequently, research published in the national category had the highest mean which shows the extent of faculty involvement in research compared to other factors. This implies that publishing scholarly work in a national journal signifies involvement in research. There were faculty members who were done with the publication which means that they were actively involved and engaged in research and those who have not conducted seemed stagnant and inactive in research. According to Sheikh [15], research would not be complete without having been published and utilized.

3.16. Relationship between the Extent of Faculty Involvement and the Extent of Organizational Support

Correlation (Pearson r) analysis of the extent of the faculty involvement and organizational support in the research revealed that there is no significant relationship between the extent of faculty involvement and organizational support in research; therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted.

Table 8. Correlation (Pearson r) Analysis of the Extent of Faculty Involvement and Organizational Support in Research

The extent of support provided by the school administration had no great influence on the extent of faculty involvement in research. This further implies that whether the school administration supports to the highest extent or not, the extent of faculty involvement in research is not affected at all. This means that other variables affect the extent of faculty involvement. According to an interviewee, the faculty members were less involved in their extent of involvement in research activities due to a lack of knowledge and research skills. Having a lack of knowledge and competence in research affects the extent of involvement of some faculty because they no longer tried and others would not participate for they believe they could not do it well. Furthermore, it is also believed that some faculty members were less involved in research activities because of time constraints. Some faculty members perceived lack of time was another factor that affects their involvement in research; this is because some faculty members were not deloaded for research and extension. Deloading was made only for assigning of designation for administrative functions. On the other hand, some faculty members who were handling a maximum number of units perceived lack of time affects their involvement in research since they performed various responsibilities such as teaching, research, and extension. A multifarious role was played by the faculty members in the college; thus, performing various roles with a limited time would affect their involvement in research. Although time constraints hinder their active involvement in research, some faculty members who were having maximum units of teaching load and having their designation managed their time well and utilized it for research activities.

Lack of motivation also was stated as one of the factors that contributed to their extent of involvement. Faculty members who received a minimal incentive in conducting and presenting researches and there were less service credit to faculty conducting research were seen as less motivated to get involved in the research activities. Incentives in the form of money, service credit, promotion, and recognition would help them become motivated and actively involved in these activities. Some faculty members perceived that their performance in research activities would depend solely on the monetary incentives, promotion, and recognition provided by the school. However, that was in contrast to the perception of some faculty who were involved in research activities. According to an interviewee, intrinsic motivation from within such as positive attitude in research, resourcefulness, and personal interest that after having involved in research activities they would earn points for promotion of rank, recognition, and awards also one of the factors that affect their extent of involvement. As they were motivated on the positive outcomes after having conducted, presented nor published researches they would likely do so not just only for the school but also for their worth. Financial constraints were also reported as one of the factors that affect their involvement in research.

Some faculty members also declined from involving in any research activities for some reason that they had a hard time researching since there were limited resources in the school such as access to an online journal, updated books, and other software such as grammar check, plagiarism check, and statistical software and internet connection that would help them in their research works. A limited computer laboratory and printing and the absence of publication office and the editorial committee also were reported as a hindrance to their involvement in research. The school had limited resources and does not have some of the resources and facilities; this is because the school had only a minimal income and the income was not enough to suffice all the research activities and provide all the facilities stated especially that some of the software mentioned was quite expensive. Besides, the school had some other priorities aside from research that required funds for implementation. Although the school had limited resources and a lack of some facilities it does not directly influence the extent of faculty involvement in research. These were other factors that hinder the faculty members from engaging and participating in research activities. These barriers include insufficient time, heavy workload, linkages, and unclear directions for research dissemination [16,17]. Mahilum [1] stated that there were factors that motivate teachers to conduct research. These factors include adequate time, funding for research, the capability of the researcher, attitude of the researcher, and facilities and equipment. If those barriers in faculty research mentioned above would be addressed in their actual research undertaking, the extent of faculty involvement in research would increase.

3.17. Challenges Encountered among Faculty Involvement in Research

Many teachers faced challenges in their attempts to establish a clear research culture because many of their faculty members were originally hired as teachers rather than researchers [8]. Faculty perceived lack of financial support coming from the school administration as one of the major challenges in research proposal making. Research proposal making entails time, effort, and money, and even the most passionate person in research would decline to participate if there will be no funds available for the said purpose. Based on the data gathered, the school cannot guarantee to finance all submitted proposals by the teachers due to minimal income received by the school from the students' tuition fee. The school also has its other priorities aside from research that needs financial support. Conducting research entails a big budgetary requirement, therefore one needs funding for his or her research. From printing, fare, and money to be used during survey demand enough funding to be able to finish the research works. On the other hand, some faculty members seek help from other agencies to support them financially, and those who can afford to spend their own money to achieve the said purpose. Moreover, since the school has only minimal income from tuition fees of the students, the school seeks help from other agencies for linkages for research and extension.

Teachers' lack of time was due to some responsibilities inside the school and to their families. Teachers who were handling heavy workloads are more focused on instructional functions rather than research and extension. Since there is no enough time in research, teachers perceived this as a burden in addition to her or his teaching load. Deloading of the subject is very important to help faculty conduct and get involved in research activities. Limited resources such as books, journals, and online access to the journal; lack of facilities such as ICT, statistical software, grammar check, and plagiarism detector and, the internet connection was the common issues in conducting research. Potential Barriers Encountered in Publishing Research include absence of Editorial Board Committee in research to assess and polish papers to be accepted for publication, is one of the barriers in publication.

4. Conclusion

Faculty involvement in research is a necessity not only for the professional growth of the faculty but also for the academic purposes of the college. Therefore, faculty must play multifarious roles aside from instruction. They should also be actively involved in research and extension. Furthermore, the personal characteristics and professional background of the teacher–researcher is one of the important factors that influenced the extent of involvement in research. Faculty research undertaking has a lot of challenges; however, when the school administration will financially, emotionally, morally, and mentally support the faculty members, all of them would be successful. Providing incentives in the form of deloading, service credit, promotion of rank, awards, recognition, and monetary incentives will be of great help to become motivated and do their tasks well. Motivated faculty members are seen to be more involved in all research activities, publish their scholarly works in different academic media channels and provide extension services to the community. Faculty – researchers must have the passion, interest, and love of research to be able to become successful in their undertakings.

Acknowledgements

The researcher would like to express her heartfelt gratitude to all the significant individuals who have helped finish her study. The experts, respondents especially her family who have also a sleepless nights and great efforts. This study would not be also successful without the support of the Journal of Innovations in Teaching and Learning.

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