eng Science and Education Publishing Journal of Food Security 2372-0107 2021-08-16 9 3 115 125 10.12691/jfs-9-3-4 JFS2021934 article Samuel Imathiu samuel.imathiu@jkuat.ac.ke 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya Many neglected and underutilized vegetable species such as indigenous African leafy vegetables have been incorporated in human diets since time immemorial, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and many Asian countries where they greatly contribute to food and nutrition security. Due to their well-documented superior nutritional quality and climate-smartness compared to their exotic counterparts, many of them are currently receiving a lot of attention among many stakeholders including governments, researchers, nutritionists, consumers and farmers. As a result of their climate adaptability and high micronutrient content, they can be used to curb ¡®hidden hunger¡¯ most prevalent in developing countries, contributing to the achievement of some of the UN¡¯s Sustainable Development Goals; no poverty, zero hunger, and good health and wellbeing. In this review, the general role of neglected and underutilized vegetable species, and indigenous African leafy vegetables in particular, is discussed with respect to their contribution to food and nutrition security. The benefits of embracing increased production and consumption of these vegetables in the context of developing countries, especially among the under-privileged rural poor is highlighted. In addition, challenges facing production and consumption of these vegetables are discussed and recommendations for research gaps suggested with the ultimate aim of ensuring that the commodity¡¯s full potential is realized. http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfs/9/3/4/jfs-9-3-4.pdf food losses food security indigenous leafy vegetables neglected and underutilized species nutrition traditional vegetables