Science and Education Publishing Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 2333-1240 4 9 2016 8 30 Mycobiota Associated with Wheat Grains, Wheat Flour and Cellulolytic Ability at Taif City, Saudia Arabia 571 581 EN A.S. Bahobail Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia JFNR2016493 10.12691/jfnr-4-9-3 2016 3 24 2016 7 13 2016 8 28 Forty species belonging to 20 genera were collected from wheat grains on plates of glucose- (16 genera and 26 species), cellulose- (16 and 25), Czapek's agar, yeast starch- (12 and 19) agar and sabouraud's- (20 and 38) dextrose agar media at 28°C. The most common species were: Acremonium strictum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger., Cochliobolus lunatus, Chrysosporium lucknowense and Nectria haematococca. Forty species belonging to 20 genera were collected from wheat flour on plates of glucose- (16 genera and 32 species), cellulose (16 and 32) - Czapek's agar, yeast starch (15 and 23) agar and sabouraud's (9 and 23) dextrose agar at 28°C. The most common species were: Acremonium strictum, Alternaria altrnata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Pencillium chrysogenum, P. duclauxii, Chrysosporium lucknowense and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Forty-eight fungal isolates representing 46 species and 1 variety belonging to 24 genera were screened for their abilities to produce both exo- and endo-β -1,4- glucanase (C1 and Cx, respectively). All isolates could hydrolyze both insoluble and soluble cellulose but with variables degrees. The results show that optimum conditions for maximum production of exo- and endo-β-1,4 glucanase by Aspergillus niger and A. flavus, respectively were 8 days after incubation at 30°C with incorporation of cellulose, glucose and sodium nitrate as a sole carbon and nitrogen sources in basal medium which is initially adjusted to PH 8.