@article{jfnr20164126,
author={{Ok¨¦, Vincent and Odountan, Hamed O. and Abou, Youssouf},
title={Chicken Viscera Meal as a Main Component in Diet for African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell 1822)<i> </i>Reared in Earthen Ponds},
journal={Journal of Food and Nutrition Research},
volume={4},
number={12},
pages={799--805},
year={2016},
url={http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfnr/4/12/6},
issn={2333-1240},
abstract={The effects of replacement of fishmeal (FM) with chicken viscera meal (CVM) on growth, body composition and production of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> fingerlings (initial body weight 11.3 ¡À 0.1 g) was studied for 90 days. Three isonitrogenous (43 % crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 KJ/g) diets were formulated to containing 0% (diet CMV0), 30% (diet CVM30) and 50% (diet CVM50) of chicken viscera meal (CVM), as FM replace. Diet CVM0, without CVM, acted as a control whereas the commercial diet coppens developed for <i>C. gariepinus</i> was used to validate the experimental design. Feed intake value (247.17-262.0 g) was similar in fish fed Coppens, CMV0 and CMV50, and significantly higher in fish fed CMV30 (p&lt;0.05). Weight gain (range: 1900.0-2008.2 %), specific growth rate (3.33-3.40 % day<SUP>-1</SUP>), protein efficiency ratio (1.95-2.09), yield (98.2-105.0 kg.are<SUP>-1</SUP>) and annual production (398.4-425.7 kg.are<SUP>-1</SUP>year<SUP>-1</SUP>) were similar in fish fed Coppens, CMV0 and CMV30 diets (p&lt;0.05). Values obtained for these parameters in fish fed CMV50 diets were significantly lower (p>0.05). Food conversion ratio (1.11-1.19) was significantly higher in fish fed CMV50 diets (p&lt;0.05). Body protein content was similar in all the treatments (p>0.05). Lipid content in fish fed with CVM-based-diets was significantly higher, whereas ash significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05). The study demonstrated that up to 30 % of CVM could be incorporated in the diets of <i>C. gariepinus</i> without negative effects on growth and whole body composition. Therefore, we recommended that CVM could be used to partially replace the expensive and imported FM.},
doi={10.12691/jfnr-4-12-6}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}