eng Science and Education Publishing Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 2333-1240 2023-07-11 11 7 465 473 10.12691/jfnr-11-7-2 JFNR20231172 article Hui Wang 1 2 Kang Chen 3 Mingxiu Long 4 Jingwen Luo 4 Zhaojun Chen 4 Mei Wang 4 Xiaoai Chen 4 Shan Huang 4 Xin Zhang 5 Tingyuan Ren 5 Shuangxue Wu 5 Jienan Lou 5 Shuming Tan 5 5 Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China Food Sciences, Department of Life Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland Guizhou Research Institute of Modern Agricultural Development, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing of Guizhou Province, College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China Rosa roxburghii fruit pomace, rich in polyphenols, is an underutilized by-product in food processing. Polyphenols have been reported to have anti-diabetic properties. In this study, LC-MS metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to study the effect of Rosa roxburghii fruit pomace polyphenols extract (RPPE) on plasma metabolites and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice. RPPE was fed to diabetic mice at a daily dose of 400 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. Feeding RPPE decreased plasma glucose and proinflammatory cytokines and improved insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid profile. Oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in colon were decreased by RPPE. For plasma metabolites, RPPE decreased p-cresol sulfate level and increased myristoleic acid, myristic acid, and palmitoleic acid levels, suggesting improved glucose and lipid metabolism as well as insulin resistance. Furthermore, RPPE upregulated abundance of beneficial microbes Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae and downregulate levels of detrimental microbes Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia, and Coriobacteriaceae. These results suggest that RPPE delays the development of type 2 diabetes via modulation of the inflammation, oxidative stress, plasma metabolites and gut microbiota. http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfnr/11/7/2/jfnr-11-7-2.pdf type 2 diabetes Rosa roxburghii fruit pomace metabolomics