eng Science and Education Publishing Journal of Computer Sciences and Applications 2328-725X 2019-12-28 7 1 56 61 10.12691/jcsa-7-1-9 JCSA2019719 article Lidong Wang lidong@iser.msstate.edu 1 Cheryl Ann Alexander 2 Institute for Systems Engineering Research, Mississippi State University, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA Institute for IT innovation and Smart Health, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA Brain science and brain-inspired artificial intelligence have been very significant areas. They have a wide range of applications including military and defense, intelligent manufacturing, business intelligence and management, medical service and healthcare, etc. Many countries have launched national brain-related projects to increase the national interests and capability in the competitive global world. In this paper, we introduce some concepts, principles, and emerging technologies of brain science and brain-inspired artificial intelligence; present their advances and trends; and outline some challenges in brain-inspired computing and computation based on spiking-neural-networks (SNNs). Specifically, the advances and trends cover brain-inspired computing, neuromorphic computing systems, and multi-scale brain simulation, brain association graph, brainnetome and the connectome, brain imaging, brain-inspired chips and brain-inspired devices, brain-computer interface (BCI) and brain-machine interface (BMI), brain-inspired robotics and applications, quantum robots, and cyborg (human-machine hybrids). http://pubs.sciepub.com/jcsa/7/1/9/jcsa-7-1-9.pdf brain science brain-inspired artificial intelligence brain-inspired computing brain association graph brainnetome brain imaging brain-inspired chip brain-computer interface brain-inspired robot cyborg