eng Science and Education Publishing Journal of Computer Sciences and Applications 2328-725X 2015-06-26 3 3 79 89 10.12691/jcsa-3-3-4 JCSA2015334 article Hassan M. H. Mustafa Prof.dr.hassanmoustafa@gmail.com 1 Ayoub Al-Hamadi 2 Mohamed Abdulrahman 3 Shahinaz Mahmoud 4 Mohammed O Sarhan 5 Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, KSA.On leave from Banha University, Egypt Institute for Information Technology and Communications, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, KSA Instructional & Information Technology Educational Technology Department, Women College,Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Al-Salt College of Human Sciences, Al- Balqa Applied University Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan This article addresses an interesting comparative analytical study. The presented study considers two concepts of diverse algorithmic biological behavioral learning approach. Those concepts for computational intelligence are tightly related to neural and non-neural Systems. Respectively, the first algorithmic intelligent approach concerned with observed obtained practical results after three neural animal systems' activities. Namely, they are Pavlov's, and Thorndike's experimental work. Furthermore, a mouse's trials during its movement inside figure of eight (8) maze, those aiming to reach optimal solution for reconstruction problem. However, second algorithmic intelligent approach conversely originated from observed activities' results for non-neural Ant Colony System (ACS). Those results have been obtained after reaching optimal solution solving Traveling Sales-man Problem (TSP). Interestingly, the effect of increasing number of agents (either neurons or ants) on learning performance shown to be similar for both introduced neural and non-neural systems. Considering observed two systems' performances, it has shown both to be in agreement with learning convergence process searching for Least Mean Square (LMS) error algorithm. Accordingly, adopted ANN modeling is realistically relevant tool systematic observations' investigation and performance analysis for both selected computational intelligence (biological behavioral learning) systems. http://pubs.sciepub.com/jcsa/3/3/4/jcsa-3-3-4.pdf artificial neural network behavioral learning ant colony system traveling salesman problem and computational biology