@article{jcrt20231111,
author={{Rockoff, Jonathan and Saji, Akhil and Kroop, Jonathan and Choudhury, Muhammad and Konno, Sensuke},
title={Possible Anticancer Effect of Bioactive Extract Isolated from <i>Agrocybe Chaxingu</i> on Human Bladder Cancer Cells},
journal={Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment},
volume={11},
number={1},
pages={1--5},
year={2023},
url={http://pubs.sciepub.com/jcrt/11/1/1},
issn={2374-2003},
abstract={To seek for a more effective way to treat bladder cancer with the poor outcomes, we have been working on natural products with anticancer activity for a decade. Recently, we came across the bioactive extract of <i>Agrocybe chaxingu</i> mushroom, CHX, which had been shown to have anticancer activity with few side/adverse effects. Accordingly, we then investigated if CHX might have anticancer effect on the relatively less aggressive human bladder cancer 5637 cells (grade 2) <i>in vitro</i>. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of CHX (0-500 &#956;g/ml) for 72 h, and cell viability was determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay to assess anticancer effect. To explore the anticancer mechanism of CHX, we also examined induction of oxidative stress (OXS), cell cycle, and apoptosis. We first found a significant (~50%) cell viability reduction in 5637 cells with 350 &#956;g/ml of CHX, indicating its anticancer effect. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay revealed the significantly (~2.2-fold) increased oxidative stress (OXS) level as well. CHX also led to a G<SUB>1</SUB> cell cycle arrest with a ~37% <i>increase</i> in G<SUB>1</SUB>-phase cell number and a ~44% <i>decrease</i> in S-phase cell number, compared to those in controls. This was further confirmed by the up-regulation of two G<SUB>1</SUB>-specific cell cycle regulators, p21<SUP>WAF1</SUP> and p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP>, with CHX treatment. Consequently, 5637 cells were found to undergo apoptosis, indicated by the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 concomitant with the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax with CHX. In conclusion, CHX has anticancer effect on human bladder cancer 5637 cells, significantly reducing their cell viability. This is presumably attributed to elevated OXS, a G<SUB>1</SUB> cell cycle arrest, and ultimate apoptosis. Therefore, it is plausible that CHX may offer an alternative therapeutic option for low-grade bladder cancer cases.},
doi={10.12691/jcrt-11-1-1}
publisher={Science and Education Publishing}
}